SynthesisTravel medicine and infectious disease
Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Face Mask for Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection during Hajj: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Facemask against viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: A challenging cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Self-reported acute respiratory illness during the pre-ritual and post-return phases of Hajj among South African pilgrims in 2025: a retrospective cohort study.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Article
- Surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in cattle and dromedaries sacrificed at the Grand Magal of Touba: a cross-sectional survey.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Speeding up respiratory diagnosis: clinical drivers, barriers, and system readiness for rapid molecular point-of-care testing in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Disease Burden and Pattern of Healthcare Utilization Among Pilgrims During Hajj 2024: A Cross‑Sectional Analysis.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- The impact of body mass index on health service utilization among pilgrims: a comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of cough and associated symptoms among pilgrims in large mass gathering event 2024: a cross-sectional study.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccination and Morbidity Among Sudanese Hajj Pilgrims During the 2025 Hajj.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Sacred journeys and pilgrimages: health risks associated with travels for religious purposes.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Review
- Influenza in travelers from Germany returning from abroad: a retrospective case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Investigating Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seropositivity in camels and human behavioural risks in an abattoir in Nigeria.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prevalence of emergency cases among pilgrims presenting at King Abdulaziz International Airport Health Care Center at Hajj Terminal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during Hajj Season, 1440 H - 2019.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, prospective and practice towards health related illness at Hajj and Umrah: A cross sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are the most common infections transmitted between Hajj pilgrims. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of virus carriage potentially responsible for RTI among pilgrims before and after participating in the Hajj. A systematic search for relevant literature was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. 31 studies were identified. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) were never isolated in Hajj pilgrims. The viruses most commonly isolated from symptomatic patients during the Hajj by PCR were rhinovirus (5.9-48.8% prevalence), followed by influenza virus (4.5-13.9%) and non-MERS coronaviruses (2.7-13.2%) with most infections due to coronavirus 229E; other viruses were less frequently isolated. Several viruses including influenza A, rhinovirus, and non-MERS coronaviruses had low carriage rates among arriving pilgrims and a statistically significant increase in their carriage rate was observed, following participation in the Hajj. Further research is needed to assess the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of respiratory symptoms and their potential role in the severity of the symptoms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.