ReviewEuropean journal of pediatrics2016
Evaluation and management of bradycardia in neonates and children.
Review in European journal of pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Testing in Children and Adolescents - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Epicardial Versus Endocardial Pacing in Paediatric Patients with Atrioventricular Block or Sinus Node Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Pediatric cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Arrhythmias in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A highly effective, rodent model of complete heart block by epicardial radiofrequency ablation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bradycardia with haemodynamic compromise in children: A scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Resuscitation after birth and beyond in the neonatal intensive care unit: NRP or PALS?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Remimazolam for successful sedation in children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease: An up-and-down sequential allocation trial.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2025Article
- Critical Events in Patients With Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: A Cohort Study Subgroup Analysis.AANA journal · 2025Article
- Reply to the comments on "Effect of Bedside Ultrasound‑Guided Versus Fluoroscopy‑Guided Transvenous Cardiac Temporary Pacing in Children with Bradyarrhythmia".Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- The λ pattern on time-RR interval scatter plot of neonatal ambulatory ECG: a marker of transient bradycardia.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology-Fortified Manipulation of Cell CaSmall science · 2024Article
- Streamlining pediatric vital sign assessment: innovations and insights.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Effective dose of propofol combined with intravenous esketamine for smooth flexible laryngeal mask airway insertion in two distinct age groups of preschool children.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Influence of physical fitness and weight status on autonomic cardiac modulation in children.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Arrhythmias Occurring in Children during HEMS Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Emergency medicine international · 2023Article
- The safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosylate for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, positive-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive cardiac evaluation to maximal exercise in a contemporary population of prepubertal children.Pediatric research · 2022Article
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- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heart rate is commonly used in pediatric early warning scores. Age-related changes in the anatomy and physiology of infants and children produce normal ranges for electrocardiogram features that differ from adults and vary with age. Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below the lowest normal value for age. Pediatric bradycardia most commonly manifests as sinus bradycardia, junctional bradycardia, or atrioventricular block. As a result of several different etiologies, it may occur in an entirely structurally normal heart or in association with concomitant congenital heart disease. Genetic variants in multiple genes have been described to date in the pathogenesis of inherited sinus node dysfunction or progressive cardiac conduction disorders. Management and eventual prognosis of bradycardia in the young are entirely dependent upon the underlying cause. Reasons to intervene for bradycardia are the association of related symptoms and/or the downstream risk of heart failure or pause-dependent tachyarrhythmia. The simplest aspect of severe bradycardia management is reflected in the Pediatric and Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines.
conclusionEarly diagnosis and appropriate management are critical in many cases in order to prevent sudden death, and this review critically assesses our current practice for evaluation and management of bradycardia in neonates and children. WHAT IS KNOWN: Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below the lowest normal value for age. Age related changes in the anatomy and physiology of infants and children produce normal ranges for electrocardiogram features that differ from adults and vary with age. Pediatric bradycardia most commonly manifests as sinus bradycardia, junctional bradycardia, or atrioventricular block. WHAT IS NEW: Management and eventual prognosis of bradycardia in the young are entirely dependent upon the underlying cause. Bradycardia may occur in a structurally normal heart or in association with congenital heart disease. Genetic variants in multiple genes have been described. Reasons to intervene for bradycardia are the association of related symptoms and/or the downstream risk of heart failure or pause-dependent tachyarrhythmia. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical in order to prevent sudden death.
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