Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26780750›Full record

ReviewDiabetologia2016

Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract.

Laura J McCreight, Clifford J Bailey, Ewan R Pearson

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 365 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
365citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
32.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

365 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 703 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024 · on this map
    Pooled it
  5. Hypoglycemic activity ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Metformin Therapy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Feasibility Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2022
    Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

305 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Laura J McCreightPearson Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Mailbox 12, Level 5, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
Clifford J BaileySchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Ewan R PearsonPearson Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Mailbox 12, Level 5, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK. e.z.pearson@dundee.ac.uk.
University of Dundee · GBAston University · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 102820Wellcome Trust 102820/Z/13/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metformin is an effective agent with a good safety profile that is widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, yet its mechanisms of action and variability in terms of efficacy and side effects remain poorly understood. Although the liver is recognised as a major site of metformin pharmacodynamics, recent evidence also implicates the gut as an important site of action. Metformin has a number of actions within the gut. It increases intestinal glucose uptake and lactate production, increases GLP-1 concentrations and the bile acid pool within the intestine, and alters the microbiome. A novel delayed-release preparation of metformin has recently been shown to improve glycaemic control to a similar extent to immediate-release metformin, but with less systemic exposure. We believe that metformin response and tolerance is intrinsically linked with the gut. This review examines the passage of metformin through the gut, and how this can affect the efficacy of metformin treatment in the individual, and contribute to the side effects associated with metformin intolerance.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal TractGlucagon-Like Peptide 1HumansMetforminMicrobiotaGlucagon-Like Peptide 1MetforminBile acidsDPP-4GLP-1Gut/intestineLactateMetforminMicrobiomeOCT1ReviewSerotoninUptake

Identifiers

PMID26780750
PMCPMC4742508
OpenAlexW2255443535

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.