SynthesisClinical psychology review2016
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and being overweight/obesity: New data and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology review, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04601779 (INFANT HEALTH- Supporting Infants' Mental Health and Healthy Weight Development Through Community Health Nurses' Promoting Sensitive Parenting), which is not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
INFANT HEALTH- Supporting Infants' Mental Health and Healthy Weight Development Through Community Health Nurses' Promoting Sensitive Parenting
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the 257 meta-analyses of the differences between females and males in prevalence and risk, protective factors, and treatment outcomes for mental disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Negative Affectivity and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators between ADHD and Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Adult ADHD and Comorbid Somatic Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: Update 2016.Current psychiatry reports · 2017Pooled it
- Functional Impairments and Adverse Outcomes Associated with ADHD: A Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- ADHD and metabolic syndrome: behavioral and weight-related pathways to cardiovascular risk.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Physical Fitness Profiles Among Children and Adolescents With ADHD and ASD: A Comparison With Typically Developing Peers.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- The longitudinal impact of individual and parental emotional factors and individual behavioral factors on weight and disordered eating: A scoping review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Brain Microstructure and Obesity Risk in Early Childhood: Insights from Restriction Spectrum Imaging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Associations between neurodivergence, learning disabilities and metabolic syndrome risk: evidence from the Health Survey for England.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome But Not ADHD Symptoms Increases Risk for Child Body Mass Index: Examination in a Sample of Clinically Referred Youth.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Obesity and central accumulation of fat in school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight/Obesity Among Women in the Reproductive Age Group (15-49) in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Does age of ADHD medication initiation predict long-term risk of anxiety? A scoping review.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Association between dyslexia and overweight/obesity among Chinese children: findings from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Shared and distinct alterations in brain morphology in children with ADHD and obesity: Reduced cortical surface area in ADHD and thickness in overweight/obesity.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Mediating pathways between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from a two-step and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms in Bariatric Patients: Focus on Mood and Anxiety Comorbidity, Disordered Eating, and Temperamental Traits.Obesity surgery · 2024Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiterature has suggested that ADHD may be associated with increased risk of obesity. If so, this would have important clinical implications.
objectiveTo clarify the size of the association between ADHD and obesity and to evaluate key moderators of the association including medication, gender, age, and psychiatric comorbidity.
methodTwo preliminary studies are presented to supply critical additional data for the meta-analysis: a two-year longitudinal study of an ADHD case-control sample of 313 children aged 7-11, and a national survey study of 45,309 families in the United States using the 2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Formal meta-analysis was then conducted. The identification procedure yielded 43 studies, reporting 225 comparisons or effect sizes, studying 703,937 participants An overall effect size was estimated with a random effects model (after pooling within study using a modified fixed effects model). Effect size was then examined in relation to medication, gender, age, and psychiatric comorbidity.
resultsThe new study of children revealed no reliable association of ADHD and body mass index at any age or time point. In the national survey, ADHD was associated with obesity only in adolescent girls but not in children or boys; this effect was statistically accounted for by covarying of depression and conduct disorder. In the meta-analysis, the composite effect size was OR=1.22 (95% CI=1.11-1.34); 22 studies provided effects with medication controlled, yielding a composite effect size of OR=1.30 (95% CI=1.12-1.50). Pooled across age the association without covariates was reliable in females (OR=1.19 [1.01-1.41]) but not males (OR=1.10 [0.95-1.23]) although males and females did not statistically differ. Pooled across gender, the association was significantly larger in adults (>18years) (OR=1.37 [1.19-1.58]) than in youth (OR=1.13 [1.00-1.27]), p=.04.
conclusionsADHD has a small overall association with obesity, but this effect is moderate in adults. The effect is likely to be of no clinical significance in children, possible clinical significance in adolescent girls with comorbid disorders, and of clinical relevance by adulthood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.