ArticleParasitology research2016
Detection by PCR of pathogenic protozoa in raw and drinkable water samples in Colombia.
Article in Parasitology research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial and Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis Deep in the Amazon, Brazil.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Prevalence ofBiomolecules · 2026Article
- First molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species isolated from canal water bodies in Minya Al-Qamh district, Northern Egypt.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- First report of molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Toxoplasma Gondii in soil, water and vegetables from Chandigarh city, India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular confirmation of Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora species in children with acute diarrhoea in Quindio region, Colombia.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- The importance of translational research in the study of ocular toxoplasmosis: insights from the 17th International Congress on Toxoplasmosis 2024.FEMS microbes · 2025Article
- In silico identification and ex vivo evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii peptides restricted to HLA-A*02, HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*35 alleles in human PBMC from a Colombian population.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America.PloS one · 2023Article
- Detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2022Article
- Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part III: Epidemiology and Risk Factors.Current pediatrics reports · 2022Article
- Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rock pigeons (Columba livia) in Punjab, Pakistan.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Molecular Diagnostic Tools Applied for Assessing Microbial Water Quality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in meat for human consumption in Ibague, ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2022Article
- Contamination of Soil, Water, Fresh Produce, and Bivalve Mollusks withMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Amazonia, French Guiana, 2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water for human consumption from water wells (jagüeyes) in the rural area of the municipality of SincelejoBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021Article
- High frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis in Quindío, Colombia and risk factors related to the infection.Heliyon · 2021Article
- First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in a Wild Bat from Colombia.Acta parasitologica · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluated the presence of DNA of Giardia, Toxoplasma, and Cryptosporidium by PCR, and of Giardia and Cryptosporidium genera by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), in water samples, before, during, and after plant treatment for drinkable water. We applied this method in 38 samples of 10 l of water taken from each of the water treatment steps and in 8 samples taken at home (only for Toxoplasma PCR) in Quindio region in Colombia. There were 8 positive samples for Cryptosporidium parvum (21 %), 4 for Cryptosporidium hominis (10.5 %), 27 for Toxoplasma gondii (58.6 %), 2 for Giardia duodenalis assemblage A (5.2 %), and 5 for G. duodenalis assemblage B (13.1 %). By IFAT, 23 % were positive for Giardia and 21 % for Cryptosporidium. An almost perfect agreement was found between IFAT and combined results of PCR, by Kappa composite proportion analysis. PCR positive samples were significantly more frequent in untreated raw water for C. parvum (p = 0.02). High mean of fecal coliforms, high pH values, and low mean of chlorine residuals were strongly correlated with PCR positivity for G. duodenalis assemblage B. High pH value was correlated with PCR positivity for C. parvum. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences was possible, showing water and human clinical sequences for Toxoplasma within the same phylogenetic group for B1 repeated sequence. PCR assay is complementary to IFAT assay for monitoring of protozoa in raw and drinkable water, enabling species identification and to look for phylogenetic analysis in protozoa from human and environmental sources.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.