ArticleTobacco regulatory science
Characterization of SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes.
Article in Tobacco regulatory science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compensatory Smoking With Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Preliminary evidence on cigarette nicotine reduction with concurrent access to an e-cigarette: Manipulating cigarette nicotine content, e-liquid nicotine content, and e-liquid flavor availability.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Switching to Progressively Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Smoking Topography Characteristics During a 6-Week Trial of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With Serious Mental Illness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Increasing Quit Attempts by Transitioning to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Versus Reducing Number of Cigarettes Per Day: A Secondary Analysis of an Exploratory Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- The Impact of Gradual and Immediate Nicotine Reduction on Subjective Cigarette Ratings.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of switching to very low nicotine content cigarettes plus nicotine patch versus reducing daily cigarette consumption plus nicotine patch to decrease dependence: an exploratory randomized trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- A two-site, two-arm, 34-week, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes in smokers with mood and/or anxiety disorders: trial design and protocol.BMC public health · 2017Trial
- Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Mouse Lungs Following Nose-Only Exposures.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic differences in the acute effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes among adolescents who smoke.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Underreporting of non-study cigarette use by study participants confounds the interpretation of results from ambulatory clinical trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Tobacco Nitrate and Free Radical Levels in the Mainstream Smoke of US Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
- Carcinogenic components of tobacco and tobacco smoke: A 2022 update.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2022Review
- Acute nicotine reinforcement requires ability to discriminate the stimulus effects of nicotine.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Acute subjective sensory perceptions predict relative reinforcing effects of smoked nicotine.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Nicotine concentration and mentholation affect bacterial community diversity in SPECTRUM research cigarettes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo provide researchers an extensive characterization of the SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes.
methodsData on cigarette physical properties, nicotine content, harmful and potentially harmful constituents in the tobacco filler was compiled.
resultsData on physical properties, concentrations of menthol, nicotine and minor alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, and toxic metals in the filler tobacco for all available varieties of Spectrum research cigarettes are provided. The similarity in the chemistry and physical properties of SPECTRUM cigarettes to commercial cigarettes renders them acceptable for use in behavioral studies. Baseline information on harmful and potentially harmful constituents in research tobacco products, particularly constituent levels such as minor alkaloids that fall outside typical ranges reported for commercial, provide researchers with the opportunity to monitor smoking behavior and to identify biomarkers that will inform efforts to understand the role of nicotine in creating and sustaining addiction.
conclusionsWell characterized research cigarettes suitable for human consumption are an important tool in clinical studies for investigating the physiological impacts of cigarettes delivering various levels of nicotine, the impact of reduced nicotine cigarettes on nicotine addiction, and the relationship between nicotine dose and smoking behavior.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.