ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2015
From the Outside-In: The Francisella tularensis Envelope and Virulence.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Sequence to Solution: Computational Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate Against Francisella tularensis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Immunological changes associated with the treatment of pneumonic tularaemia in marmosets.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- De Novo Design of High-Affinity Miniprotein Binders Targeting Francisella Tularensis Virulence Factor.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Identification of theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Breaking the cellular defense: the role of autophagy evasion inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Phenotypic and transcriptional characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Characterization of threeAccess microbiology · 2023Article
- Recent Trends in Protective Textiles against Biological Threats: A Focus on Biological Warfare Agents.Polymers · 2022Review
- Genomic analysis ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2022Article
- Development of Immunoassays for Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Activation of Toll-Like Receptors by Live Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Reveals Mitigation of TLR4 Responses and Activation of TLR5 by Flagella.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of Myroides odoratimimus isolates.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Article
- Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Bacterial lipoproteins and other factors released by Francisella tularensis modulate human neutrophil lifespan: Effects of a TLR1 SNP on apoptosis inhibition.Cellular microbiology · 2018Article
- Multiple Acquisitions of Pathogen-Derived Francisella Endosymbionts in Soft Ticks.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Article
- Immunoglobulin G subclass switching impacts sensitivity of an immunoassay targeting Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify and characterize the virulence factors that F. tularensis uses to infect a wide variety of hosts and host cell types, evade immune defenses, and induce severe disease and death. This review focuses on the virulence factors that are present in the F. tularensis envelope, including capsule, LPS, outer membrane, periplasm, inner membrane, secretion systems, and various molecules in each of aforementioned sub-compartments. Whereas, no single bacterial molecule or molecular complex single-handedly controls F. tularensis virulence, we review here how diverse bacterial systems work in conjunction to subvert the immune system, attach to and invade host cells, alter phagosome/lysosome maturation pathways, replicate in host cells without being detected, inhibit apoptosis, and induce host cell death for bacterial release and infection of adjacent cells. Given that the F. tularensis envelope is the outermost layer of the bacterium, we highlight herein how many of these molecules directly interact with the host to promote infection and disease. These and future envelope studies are important to advance our collective understanding of F. tularensis virulence mechanisms and offer targets for future vaccine development efforts.
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