ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Cytokine-Defined B Cell Responses as Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantifying the Impact of Ocrelizumab on Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of Anti-CD20 Therapies on Cytokine, Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Cytokines at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Postoperative Complications.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- B-Cell Depletion as Evidence for Shared Neuroimmune Pathways in Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination: A Case Report and Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Altered B cell metabolic pathways characterize type 1 diabetes progression.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Relevance of Kappa and Lambda Free Light Chains in Autoimmune Astrocytopathy Associated With Anti-GFAP Antibodies.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: A Story of the Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Components of the Immune System.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Identifying key targets and immune environment in wound healing based on iron overload-related genes.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- The Utility of Miniaturized Adsorbers in Exploring the Cellular and Molecular Effects of Blood Purification: A Pilot Study with a Focus on Immunoadsorption in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Proteolipid Protein-Induced Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Requires B Cell-Mediated Antigen Presentation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Dual Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- mRNA-1273 boost after BNT162b2 vaccination generates comparable SARS-CoV-2-specific functional responses in naïve and COVID-19-recovered individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immunoadsorption versus double-dose methylprednisolone in refractory multiple sclerosis relapses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Observational
- Fumarate suppresses B-cell activation and function through direct inactivation of LYN.Nature chemical biology · 2022Article
- Anti-CD20 therapies for multiple sclerosis: current status and future perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Abnormal B-Cell and Tfh-Cell Profiles in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Immunosuppression in Rheumatologic and Auto-immune Disease.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Article
- Cytotoxic B Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Important antibody-independent pathogenic roles of B cells are emerging in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The contrasting results of different treatments targeting B cells in patients (in spite of predictions of therapeutic benefits from animal models) call for a better understanding of the multiple roles that distinct human B cell responses likely play in MS. In recent years, both murine and human B cells have been identified with distinct functional properties related to their expression of particular cytokines. These have included regulatory (Breg) B cells (secreting interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-35) and pro-inflammatory B cells (secreting tumor necrosis factor α, LTα, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Better understanding of human cytokine-defined B cell responses is necessary in both health and diseases, such as MS. Investigation of their surface phenotype, distinct functions, and the mechanisms of regulation (both cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic) may help develop effective treatments that are more selective and safe. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which cytokine-defined B cells contribute to the peripheral immune cascades that are thought to underlie MS relapses, and the impact of B cell-directed therapies on these mechanisms.
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