ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2015
The Human Experience with Intravenous Levodopa.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03205956 (Dopamine Buffering Capacity Measured by phMRI as a Novel Biomarker of Disease Progression in PD), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dopamine Buffering Capacity Measured by phMRI as a Novel Biomarker of Disease Progression in PD
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discontinuation or acute unplanned cessation of oral dopaminergic medications in persons with Parkinson's disease: A practice review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- The Treatment of Older Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Stem Cell-Based Approaches in Parkinson's Disease Research.International journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- Interaction of silver nanoparticles with catecholBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Dopamine Buffering Capacity Imaging: A Pharmacodynamic fMRI Method for Staging Parkinson Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Orthostatic stability with intravenous levodopa.PeerJ · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compile a comprehensive summary of published human experience with levodopa given intravenously, with a focus on information required by regulatory agencies.
backgroundWhile safe intravenous (IV) use of levodopa has been documented for over 50 years, regulatory supervision for pharmaceuticals given by a route other than that approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has become increasingly cautious. If delivering a drug by an alternate route raises the risk of adverse events, an investigational new drug (IND) application is required, including a comprehensive review of toxicity data.
methodsOver 200 articles referring to IV levodopa were examined for details of administration, pharmacokinetics, benefit, and side effects.
resultsWe identified 142 original reports describing IVLD use in humans, beginning with psychiatric research in 1959-1960 before the development of peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors. At least 2760 subjects have received IV levodopa, and reported outcomes include parkinsonian signs, sleep variables, hormone levels, hemodynamics, CSF amino acid composition, regional cerebral blood flow, cognition, perception and complex behavior. Mean pharmacokinetic variables were summarized for 49 healthy subjects and 190 with Parkinson's disease. Side effects were those expected from clinical experience with oral levodopa and dopamine agonists. No articles reported deaths or induction of psychosis.
conclusionAt least 2760 patients have received IV levodopa with a safety profile comparable to that seen with oral administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.