Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26778799›Full record

ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2015

Zinc, iron and calcium are major limiting nutrients in the complementary diets of rural Kenyan children.

Elaine Ferguson, Peter Chege, Judith Kimiywe, Doris Wiesmann, Christine Hotz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

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  4. Dried fish provide widespread access to critical nutrients across Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elaine FergusonLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Population Health, London, UK.
Peter ChegeKenyatta University, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nairobi, Kenya.
Judith KimiyweKenyatta University, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nairobi, Kenya.
Doris WiesmannConsultant Halendorf 323744 Schoenwalde, Germany.
Christine HotzConsultant, Nutridemics, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor quality infant and young child (IYC) diets contribute to chronic under-nutrition. To design effective IYC nutrition interventions, an understanding of the extent to which realistic food-based strategies can improve dietary adequacy is required. We collected 24-h dietary recalls from children 6-23 months of age (n = 401) in two rural agro-ecological zones of Kenya to assess the nutrient adequacy of their diets. Linear programming analysis (LPA) was used to identify realistic food-based recommendations (FBRs) and to determine the extent to which they could ensure intake adequacy for 12 nutrients. Mean nutrient densities of the IYC diets were below the desired level for four to nine of the 10 nutrients analysed, depending on the age group. Mean dietary diversity scores ranged from 2.1 ± 1.0 among children 6-8 months old in Kitui County to 3.7 ± 1.1 food groups among children 12-23 months old in Vihiga County. LPA confirmed that dietary adequacy for iron, zinc and calcium will be difficult to ensure using only local foods as consumed. FBRs for breastfed children that promote the daily consumption of cows'/goats' milk (added to porridges), fortified cereals, green leafy vegetables, legumes, and meat, fish or eggs, 3-5 times per week can ensure dietary adequacy for nine and seven of 12 nutrients for children 6-11 and 12-23 months old, respectively. For these rural Kenyan children, even though dietary adequacy could be improved via realistic changes in habitual food consumption practices, alternative interventions are needed to ensure dietary adequacy at the population level.

Indexed as

DietIron DeficienciesMalnutritionRural PopulationAnimalsCalciumCalcium, DietaryDiet SurveysEdible GrainEggsFemaleFood SupplyHumansInfantInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaIron, DietaryCalciumCalcium, DietaryIron, DietaryZincdietary recommendationsinfantsKenyalinear programmingnutritionyoung children

Identifiers

PMID26778799
PMCPMC5066654

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.