ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Marijuana use trajectories during college predict health outcomes nine years post-matriculation.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- A Fine-Grained Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Cannabis Use and Its Relation to Cognitive Performance in Young Adulthood.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- What Are Tolerance Breaks and Why Do Young Adults Take Them? A Qualitative Investigation of Temporary Abstinence Breaks from Cannabis.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Changes in Parent-Student Text Message and Phone Call Communication During the Transition to College as Predictors of Cannabis and Simultaneous Use During the First Year.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2024Article
- "I've smoked weed with my daughter": Cannabis Use within Families Affected by Parental Opioid Misuse.Children and youth services review · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms predict trajectories of electronic delivery nicotine systems, cigarette, and cannabis use across 4.5 years among college students.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co-use: A test of patterns and personality predictors.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Adult Psychiatric, Substance, and Functional Outcomes of Different Definitions of Early Cannabis Use.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2022Article
- Attitudes to Cannabis Use and Public Prevention Information Among Young Adults: A Qualitative Interview Study With Implications for Prevention Practice.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Associations of Cannabis Use across Adolescence and Early Adulthood With Health and Psychosocial Adjustment in Early Adulthood and Midadulthood in Men.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- A cross-cultural comparison of factors associated with marijuana use among college students in the United States and Sweden.International journal of alcohol and drug research · 2021Article
- How to prevent alcohol and illicit drug use among students in affluent areas: a qualitative study on motivation and attitudes towards prevention.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Cannabis use among Norwegian university students: Gender differences, legalization support and use intentions, risk perceptions, and use disorder.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
- Illicit Drug Use and Associated Problems in the Nightlife Scene: A Potential Setting for Prevention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- College students' using marijuana to sleep relates to frequency, problematic use, and sleep problems.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2021Article
- An intergenerational investigation of the associations between parental marijuana use trajectories and child functioning.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Motives for Alcohol and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Use and Problem Use Among Young Adult College Students.Journal of drug issues · 2020Article
- Investigating the efficacy of a self-directed parenting intervention to reduce risky behaviors among college students: Study protocol for a multi-arm hybrid type 2 randomized control trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Socio-Demographic, Academic, Health and Lifestyle Predictors of Illicit Drug/s Use among University Undergraduate Students in Finland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have linked marijuana use with a variety of health outcomes among young adults. Information about marijuana's long-term health effects is critically needed.
methodsData are from a ten-year study of 1253 young adults originally recruited as first-year college students and assessed annually thereafter. Six trajectories of marijuana use during college (Non-Use, Low-Stable, Early-Decline, College-Peak, Late-Increase, Chronic) were previously derived using latent variable growth mixture modeling. Nine health outcomes assessed in Year 10 (modal age 27) were regressed on a group membership variable for the six group trajectories, holding constant demographics, baseline health status, and alcohol and tobacco trajectory group membership.
resultsMarijuana trajectory groups differed significantly on seven of the nine outcomes (functional impairment due to injury, illness, or emotional problems; psychological distress; subjective well-being; and mental and physical health service utilization; all ps<.001), but not on general health rating or body mass index. Non-users fared better than the Late-Increase and Chronic groups on most physical and mental health outcomes. The declining groups (Early-Decline, College-Peak) fared better than the Chronic group on mental health outcomes. The Late-Increase group fared significantly worse than the stable groups (Non-Use, Low-Stable, Chronic) on both physical and mental health outcomes.
conclusionsEven occasional or time-limited marijuana use might have adverse effects on physical and mental health, perhaps enduring after several years of moderation or abstinence. Reducing marijuana use frequency might mitigate such effects. Individuals who escalate their marijuana use in their early twenties might be at especially high risk for adverse outcomes.
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