ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2016
Beyond muscles: The untapped potential of creatine.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Creatine supplementation in soccer players: a systematic review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Creatine and Cognition in Aging: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Older Adults.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Creatine in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Review
- Effects of a Dietary Blend of Essential Oils, Capsaicin, and Yeast Metabolites on Performance, Physiological, Metabolism, and Immune Response of Heat-Stressed Pigs.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Review
- Safety of creatine supplementation: analysis of the prevalence of reported side effects in clinical trials and adverse event reports.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Guanidinoacetic Acid and Its Impact on the Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of Growing and Finishing Nellore Cattle.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Creatine supplementation is safe, beneficial throughout the lifespan, and should not be restricted.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review of Supplementation and Dietary Protocols.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- The relationships between the plasma metabolome and orthostatic blood pressure responses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Creatine supplementation in the pediatric and adolescent athlete-- A literature review.Journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Creatine Supplementation to Improve Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: Facts and Perspectives.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Creatine consumption and liver disease manifestations in individuals aged 12 years and over.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Creatine in the fetal brain: A regional investigation of acute global hypoxia and creatine supplementation in a translational fetal sheep model.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sarcopenic Obesity: An Emerging Public Health Problem, But an Answer Appears to Be Available.Aging and disease · 2022Article
- Exercise and Creatine Supplementation to Augment the Adaptation of Exercise Training Among Breast Cancer Survivors Completing Chemotherapy: Protocol for an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial (the THRIVE Study).JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Creatine is widely used by both elite and recreational athletes as an ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic exercise performance. Older individuals also use creatine to prevent sarcopenia and, accordingly, may have therapeutic benefits for muscle wasting diseases. Although the effect of creatine on the musculoskeletal system has been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to its potential effects on other physiological systems. Because there is a significant pool of creatine in the brain, the utility of creatine supplementation has been examined in vitro as well as in vivo in both animal models of neurological disorders and in humans. While the data are preliminary, there is evidence to suggest that individuals with certain neurological conditions may benefit from exogenous creatine supplementation if treatment protocols can be optimized. A small number of studies that have examined the impact of creatine on the immune system have shown an alteration in soluble mediator production and the expression of molecules involved in recognizing infections, specifically toll-like receptors. Future investigations evaluating the total impact of creatine supplementation are required to better understand the benefits and risks of creatine use, particularly since there is increasing evidence that creatine may have a regulatory impact on the immune system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.