ArticleCell2016
Neuro-immune Interactions Drive Tissue Programming in Intestinal Macrophages.
Article in Cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 391 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
391 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 631 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systems-level transcriptomic analysis reveals synapse-related gene dysregulation in peripheral leukocytes of MDD patients.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of perioperative autonomic nervous system imbalance on surgical outcomes: a systematic review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Visualized knowledge mapping on the current research trends and emerging areas of neuroimmune modulation in the past two decades.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Macrophage-enteric nervous system crosstalk in Hirschsprung disease and associated enterocolitis: a focused narrative review with clinical implications.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Review
- The gut neuroepithelial unit as a neurodegeneration-relevant interface in the gut-brain axis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Neural regulation of tumor immunity: emerging opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Intestinal muscularis in health and disease.Communications biology · 2026Review
- C1qa muscularis macrophages maintain enteric synaptic homeostasis to regulate gastrointestinal motility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The gut-bone-inflammation axis: intestinal barrier disruption as a central driver of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- From diet to hypothalamic dysfunction: Neuroanatomical and hormonal integration of the microbiota-hypothalamus-adipose tissue axis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) as a means of neuro-immune cross-conversation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Molecular and immunohistochemical characterization of intestinal macrophages subsets in goldfish.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune interactions in gastrointestinal oncology: Mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic potential.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- CD163 and Tim-4 identify resident intestinal macrophages that are spatially regulated by TGF-β.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Connectome: Understanding how the Peripheral Nervous System shapes Immunity.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Inflammation rewires the enteric nervous system through neurogenic monocyte recruitment.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Histochemical characterization of muscularis macrophage loss and disruption of a miR-93-5p-AHNAK neuro-immune axis in Hirschsprung's disease.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-glia interactions regulate immune damage to enteric neurons during West Nile virus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Navigating the Ethereal Tightrope: The Nanogenerator Manipulates Neurons for Immune Equilibrium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
331 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proper adaptation to environmental perturbations is essential for tissue homeostasis. In the intestine, diverse environmental cues can be sensed by immune cells, which must balance resistance to microorganisms with tolerance, avoiding excess tissue damage. By applying imaging and transcriptional profiling tools, we interrogated how distinct microenvironments in the gut regulate resident macrophages. We discovered that macrophages exhibit a high degree of gene-expression specialization dependent on their proximity to the gut lumen. Lamina propria macrophages (LpMs) preferentially expressed a pro-inflammatory phenotype when compared to muscularis macrophages (MMs), which displayed a tissue-protective phenotype. Upon luminal bacterial infection, MMs further enhanced tissue-protective programs, and this was attributed to swift activation of extrinsic sympathetic neurons innervating the gut muscularis and norepinephrine signaling to β2 adrenergic receptors on MMs. Our results reveal unique intra-tissue macrophage specialization and identify neuro-immune communication between enteric neurons and macrophages that induces rapid tissue-protective responses to distal perturbations.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.