Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26776875›Full record

SynthesisThe Lancet. Respiratory medicine2016

E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sara Kalkhoran, Stanton A Glantz

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 475 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
475citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

475 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. A systematic review and meta-analysis of e-cigarette use among cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024
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  16. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Nicotine Salt and Free-Base Using an E-cigarette: A Randomized Crossover Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
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415 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sara KalkhoranDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Stanton A GlantzDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: glantz@medicine.ucsf.edu.

Funding

Training and Education p489-500P50CA180890 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GLANTZ, STANTON ARNOLD · 2013 to 2018
$20.5M
NCI NIH HHS 1P50CA180890NCI NIH HHS P50 CA180890PHS HHS T32HP19025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSmokers increasingly use e-cigarettes for many reasons, including attempts to quit combustible cigarettes and to use nicotine where smoking is prohibited. We aimed to assess the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking cessation among adult cigarette smokers, irrespective of their motivation for using e-cigarettes.

methodsPubMed and Web of Science were searched between April 27, 2015, and June 17, 2015. Data extracted included study location, design, population, definition and prevalence of e-cigarette use, comparison group (if applicable), cigarette consumption, level of nicotine dependence, other confounders, definition of quitting smoking, and odds of quitting smoking. The primary endpoint was cigarette smoking cessation. Odds of smoking cessation among smokers using e-cigarettes compared with smokers not using e-cigarettes were assessed using a random effects meta-analysis. A modification of the ACROBAT-NRSI tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess bias. This meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42015020382).

findings38 studies (of 577 studies identified) were included in the systematic review; all 20 studies with control groups (15 cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two clinical trials) were included in random effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses. Odds of quitting cigarettes were 28% lower in those who used e-cigarettes compared with those who did not use e-cigarettes (odds ratio [OR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·91). Association of e-cigarette use with quitting did not significantly differ among studies of all smokers using e-cigarettes (irrespective of interest in quitting cigarettes) compared with studies of only smokers interested in cigarette cessation (OR 0·63, 95% CI 0·45-0·86 vs 0·86, 0·60-1·23; p=0·94). Other study characteristics (design, population, comparison group, control variables, time of exposure assessment, biochemical verification of abstinence, and definition of e-cigarette use) were also not associated with the overall effect size (p≥0·77 in all cases).

interpretationAs currently being used, e-cigarettes are associated with significantly less quitting among smokers.

fundingNational Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, FDA Center for Tobacco Products.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsHumansMotivationOdds RatioPrevalenceSmokingSmoking Cessation

Identifiers

PMID26776875
PMCPMC4752870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.