ArticleExpert review of clinical immunology2016
Allergies and Asthma: Do Atopic Disorders Result from Inadequate Immune Homeostasis arising from Infant Gut Dysbiosis?
Article in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Child Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- Cesarean section and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on early life gut microbiome.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Impact of antimicrobial exposure at delivery and siblings on early Bifidobacterium succession and allergy development up to 24 months of age.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Early-life gut microbiome development and its potential long-term impact on health outcomes.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Canine Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Atopic Dermatitis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Relation of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Factors and Childhood Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Pre-School Children Aged 2-5 Years Old.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Effect of prenatal dog exposure on eczema development in early and late childhood.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Article
- Maternal anthropometric variables and clinical factors shape neonatal microbiome.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Glucose metabolism and glycosylation link the gut microbiota to autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Administration of β-lactam antibiotics and delivery method correlate with intestinal abundances of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides in early infancy, in Japan.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Oral Exposure to House Dust Mite Activates Intestinal Innate Immunity.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The microbiome and its impact on food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2020Review
- Propionic acid induces dendritic spine loss by MAPK/ERK signaling and dysregulation of autophagic flux.Molecular brain · 2020Article
- The infant gut microbiome as a microbial organ influencing host well-being.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Review
- Specific class of intrapartum antibiotics relates to maturation of the infant gut microbiota: a prospective cohort study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2020Article
- The microbiome seeding debate - let's frame it around women-centred care.Reproductive health · 2019Article
- Health benefits conferred by the human gut microbiota during infancy.Microbial biotechnology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Our global hypothesis is that atopic conditions and asthma develop because an individual's immune system is not able to appropriately resolve inflammation resulting from allergen exposures. We propose that the failure to appropriately down-regulate inflammation and produce a toleragenic state results primarily from less robust immune homeostatic processes rather than from a tendency to over-respond to allergenic stimuli. An individual with lower immune homeostatic capacity is unable to rapidly and completely terminate, on average over time, immune responses to innocuous allergens, increasing risk of allergic disease. A lack of robust homeostasis also increases the risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as prolonged respiratory viral infections and obesity, leading to the common co-occurrence of these conditions. Further, we posit that the development of vigorous immune homeostatic mechanisms is an evolutionary adaptation strongly influenced by both 1) exposure to a diverse maternal microbiota through the prenatal period, labor and delivery, and, 2) an orderly assemblage process of the infant's gut microbiota ecosystem shaped by breastfeeding and early exposure to a wide variety of ingested foods and environmental microbes. This early succession of microbial communities together with early allergen exposures orchestrate the development of an immune system with a robust ability to optimally control inflammatory responses and a lowered risk for atopic disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.