ReviewThe Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host immune responses in major infectious diseases: a review.
Review in The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 231 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
231 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 396 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strong Association of the rs4986790 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (Genes · 2020Pooled it
- A single oral dose of an iso-alpha acids rich hop extract dampens the lipoteichoic acid mediated immune response of monocytes in healthy individuals.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Oral intake of xanthohumol attenuates lipoteichoic acid-induced inflammatory response in human PBMCs.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Inflammation in acute coronary syndrome: Expression of TLR2 mRNA is increased in platelets of patients with ACS.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Evolutionary Response Patterns of the RodentEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Antifungal effect ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- In Silico Modeling of Structural Compatibility and Alignment Between Viral Class I Fusion Cores and Human TLR4/MD-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sheep breed-specific response to environment challenge against Haemonchus contortus and effect on immuno-hematological parameters.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Targeting TLR4-Depended NLRP3 Inflammasome: Sulforaphane's Mechanism in Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Seizures in Epileptic Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Structural insights into TLR4 activation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: implications for inflammatory response modulation.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatic design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeting multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative 16S rRNA characterization, pan-genome, and immunoinformatics approaches for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Bacillus cereus, a foodborne pathogen.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Lipid emulsion modulates myogenic and collagen-related gene expression in skeletal muscle of preterm fetal sheep.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- The impact of polystyrene nanoplastics on the chicken gut and liver: Based on transcriptomics and microbiomics.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Nociceptor neurons shape antiviral immunity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Molecular Analysis of miR-155 and MIR155HG Mutations in Conjunction with TLR4 Variants in Inflammatory Joint Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 as a Mediator and Therapeutic Target in Innate Immune-Driven Corneal Stromal Inflammation and Opacity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Highly Active Probiotic Yogurt Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice by Regulating Immune Response and Gut Microbiota.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Modulation of immune responses by opioids through toll-like and P2X receptor signaling in COVID-19.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Computational Validation of Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine Targeting Streptococcus anginosus Surface Protein (TMPC) as an Effective Alternative Treatment to Reduce Gastric Cancer.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the course of evolution, multicellular organisms have been orchestrated with an efficient and versatile immune system to counteract diverse group of pathogenic organisms. Pathogen recognition is considered as the most critical step behind eliciting adequate immune response during an infection. Hitherto Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially the surface ones viz. TLR2 and TLR4 have gained immense importance due to their extreme ability of identifying distinct molecular patterns from invading pathogens. These pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) not only act as innate sensor but also shape and bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, they also play a pivotal role in regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 type of response essential for the survivability of the host. In this work, major achievements rather findings made on the typical signalling and immunopathological attributes of TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host response against the major infectious diseases have been reviewed. Infectious diseases like tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, malaria, and filariasis are still posing myriad threat to mankind. Furthermore, increasing resistance of the causative organisms against available therapeutics is also an emerging problem. Thus, stimulation of host immune response with TLR2 and TLR4 agonist can be the option of choice to treat such diseases in future.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.