ArticleEnvironmental research2016
Magnitude and characteristics of acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US: 1998-2013.
Article in Environmental research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case report: Successful rescue of an adult patient with diquat poisoning complicated by rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Charge reversible-natural light responsive nanoparticles enable targeted herbicide delivery and reduction of mammalian toxicity.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- A novel low-metabolism strategy combined with multimodal detoxification for successful management of high-dose diquat-paraquat mixed poisoning: A comprehensive therapeutic analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a bedside prognostic model for in-hospital mortality in acute diquat poisoning.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- A retrospective analysis of paraquat and diquat poisoning: a single-center experience.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms in diquat-induced organs injury：insights into cell signaling and potential therapeutic agents.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Integrated sampling and in situ SERS detection of diquat and paraquat using silver nanostars-modified PTFE substrates.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Imaging Findings and Toxicological Mechanisms of Nervous System Injury Caused by Diquat.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors after acute diquat poisoning: a comparative study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Erythrocyte membrane biomimetic EGCG nanoparticles attenuate renal injury induced by diquat through the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Investigating Clinical Factors Influencing Pulmonary Fibrosis in Acute Diquat Poisoning.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Paraquat and Diquat: Recent Updates on Their Pretreatment and Analysis Methods since 2010 in Biological Samples.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Case report: Successful outcome of a young patient with rhabdomyolysis and shock caused by diquat poisoning.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of 30 quaternary ammonium compounds including benzalkonium and paraquat in human serum and urine.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2023Article
- Lethal diquat poisoning manifests as acute central nervous system injury and circulatory failure: A retrospective cohort study of 50 cases.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Role of Lung P450 Oxidoreductase in Paraquat-Induced Collagen Deposition in the Lung.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParaquat and diquat are among the most commonly used herbicides in the world.
objectivesDetermine the magnitude, characteristics, and root causes for acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US
methodsIllnesses associated with paraquat or diquat exposure occurring from 1998 through 2011 were identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program (PISP), and the Incident Data System (IDS). Cases identified by the National Poison Data System (NPDS) were reviewed for the years 1998-2003 and 2006-2013.
resultsA total of 300 paraquat- and 144 diquat-related acute illnesses were identified by SENSOR, PISP, and IDS. NPDS identified 693 paraquat- and 2128 diquat-related acute illnesses. In SENSOR/PISP/IDS, illnesses were commonly low severity (paraquat=41%; diquat=81%); however, SENSOR/PISP/IDS identified 24 deaths caused by paraquat and 5 deaths associated with diquat. Nineteen paraquat-related deaths were due to ingestion, seven of which were unintentional, often due to improper storage in beverage bottles. In SENSOR/PISP/IDS, paraquat and diquat-related acute illnesses were work-related in 68% (n=203) and 29% (n=42) of cases, respectively. When herbicide application site was known, the vast majority of acute paraquat-related illnesses (81%) arose from agricultural applications. Common root causes of illness were failure to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), application equipment failure, and spill/splash of herbicide.
conclusionsAlthough the magnitude of acute paraquat/diquat-related illnesses was relatively low, several fatalities were identified. Many illnesses could be prevented through stricter compliance with label requirements (e.g. ensuring proper herbicide storage and PPE use), and through enhanced training of certified applicators.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.