ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
The continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in four rural communities in South Africa: Prevalence and characteristics.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal alcohol exposure and associations with physical size, dysmorphology and neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Global Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2017Pooled it
- The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Does paternal alcohol consumption affect the severity of traits of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Clinical Features of Typically Developing Children with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Identifying strategic research priorities of stakeholders for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Aotearoa.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Article
- Influence of childhood trauma and traumatic stress on a woman's risk of having a child with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Distal variables.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Secondary physical features in children with FASD.European journal of medical genetics · 2024Article
- Multifaceted case management during pregnancy is associated with better child outcomes and less fetal alcohol syndrome.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Relationship-based intervention for children who were prenatally alcohol exposed in South Africa.Research in developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Rethinking Local Economic Development for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Renosterberg Local Municipality, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A systematic review: facial, dental and orthodontic findings and orofacial diagnostics in patients with FASD.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in rural communities in South Africa: A third regional sample of child characteristics and maternal risk factors.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Characteristic physical traits of first-grade children in the United States with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and associated alcohol and drug exposures.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2022Article
- The influence of maternal weight and alcohol exposure on infant physical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes.Current research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Estimating the community prevalence, child traits, and maternal risk factors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) from a random sample of school children.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Connecting People with People: Diagnosing Persons with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Using Telehealth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Review
- Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevalence and characteristics of the continuum of diagnoses within fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were researched in previously unstudied rural, agricultural, lower socioeconomic populations in South Africa (ZA).
methodsUsing an active case ascertainment approach among first grade learners, 1354 (72.6%) were consented into the study via: height, weight, and/or head circumference ≤ 25th centile and/or random selection as normal control candidates. Final diagnoses were made following: examination by pediatric dysmorphologists/geneticists, cognitive/behavioral testing, and maternal risk factor interviews.
resultsFASD children were significantly growth deficient and dysmorphic: physical measurements, cardinal facial features of FAS, and total dysmorphology scores clearly differentiated diagnostic categories from severe to mild to normal in a consistent, linear fashion. Neurodevelopmental delays were also significantly worse for each of the FASD diagnostic categories, although not as consistently linear across groups. Alcohol use is well documented as the proximal maternal risk factor for each diagnostic group. Significant distal maternal risk factors in this population are: low body weight, body mass, education, and income; and high gravidity, parity, and age at birth of the index child. In this low SES, highly rural region, FAS occurs in 93-128 per 1000 children, PFAS in 58-86, and, ARND in 32-46 per 1000. Total FASD affect 182-259 per 1000 children or 18-26%.
conclusionsVery high rates of FASD exist in these rural areas and isolated towns where entrenched practices of regular binge drinking co-exist with challenging conditions for childbearing and child development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.