ArticleCell2016
Evolving New Skeletal Traits by cis-Regulatory Changes in Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.
Article in Cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Long-Bone Delayed Union and Nonunion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
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- Distinct mechanisms decommission redundant enhancers to facilitate phenotypic evolution.Science advances · 2026Article
- Bone mechano-response is driven by locomotion transitions during vertebrate evolution.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Predicted deleterious mutations reveal the genetic architecture of male reproductive success in a lekking bird.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Genome sequence of a marine threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Rabbit Slough in the Cook Inlet.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- The Role of Alternative Splicing in Marine-Freshwater Divergence in Threespine Stickleback.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The master male sex determinant Gdf6Y of the turquoise killifish arose through allelic neofunctionalization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A mathematical model clarifies the ABC Score formula used in enhancer-gene prediction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Single Injection AAV2-FGF18 Gene Therapy Reduces Cartilage Loss and Subchondral Bone Damage in a Mechanically Induced Model of Osteoarthritis.Current gene therapy · 2024Article
- Genetic and Gene Expression Resources for Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Research.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Genomic structural variation: A complex but important driver of human evolution.American journal of biological anthropology · 2023Review
- Evolutionary relevance of single nucleotide variants within the forebrain exclusive human accelerated enhancer regions.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2023Article
- Evolution of Spatial and Temporal cis-Regulatory Divergence in Sticklebacks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Enhancer architecture and chromatin accessibility constrain phenotypic space during Drosophila development.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Bridging between Mouse and Human Enhancer-Promoter Long-Range Interactions in Neural Stem Cells, to Understand Enhancer Function in Neurodevelopmental Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The ectodysplasin-A receptor is a candidate gene for lateral plate number variation in stickleback fish.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Evolution of static allometry and constraint on evolutionary allometry in a fossil stickleback.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Changes in bone size and shape are defining features of many vertebrates. Here we use genetic crosses and comparative genomics to identify specific regulatory DNA alterations controlling skeletal evolution. Armor bone-size differences in sticklebacks map to a major effect locus overlapping BMP family member GDF6. Freshwater fish express more GDF6 due in part to a transposon insertion, and transgenic overexpression of GDF6 phenocopies evolutionary changes in armor-plate size. The human GDF6 locus also has undergone distinctive regulatory evolution, including complete loss of an enhancer that is otherwise highly conserved between chimps and other mammals. Functional tests show that the ancestral enhancer drives expression in hindlimbs but not forelimbs, in locations that have been specifically modified during the human transition to bipedalism. Both gain and loss of regulatory elements can localize BMP changes to specific anatomical locations, providing a flexible regulatory basis for evolving species-specific changes in skeletal form.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.