Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26774612›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2016

State-space model with deep learning for functional dynamics estimation in resting-state fMRI.

Heung-Il Suk, Chong-Yaw Wee, Seong-Whan Lee, Dinggang Shen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Functional magnetic resonance imaging, deep learning, and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Atypical Development of Functional Brain Networks in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  18. Generative dynamical models for classification of rsfMRI data.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024
    Article
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39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Heung-Il SukDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hisuk@korea.ac.kr.
Chong-Yaw WeeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Seong-Whan LeeDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
Dinggang ShenDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.

Funding

Longitudinal Mapping of Human Brain Development in the First Years of LifeR01EB008374 · NIBIB · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI YAP, PEW-THIAN · 2009 to 2024
$5.1M
Development of Robust Brain Measurement Tools Informed by Ultrahigh Field 7T MRIR01EB006733 · NIBIB · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI YAP, PEW-THIAN · 2008 to 2020
$4.5M
Quantifying Brain Abnormality by Multimodality Neuroimage Analysis,R01AG041721 · NIA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LIU, MINGXIA · 2012 to 2019
$3.0M
Imaging Genomics Based Brain Disease PredictionR01AG049371 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON · PI HUANG, HENG · 2015 to 2019
$2.0M
Assessing Large-scale Brain Connectivities in Mild Cognitive ImpairmentR01AG042599 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI LIU, TIANMING · 2013 to 2017
$1.4M
Fast, Robust Analysis of Large Population DataR01EB009634 · NIBIB · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SHEN, DINGGANG · 2011 to 2014
$1.3M
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Dynamic High-Order Brain NetworksR01EB022880 · NIBIB · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI YAP, PEW-THIAN · 2016 to 2018
$1.1M
NIA NIH HHS AG041721NIA NIH HHS AG042599NIA NIH HHS AG049371NIA NIH HHS R01 AG041721NIA NIH HHS R01 AG042599NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049371NIBIB NIH HHS EB006733NIBIB NIH HHS EB008374NIBIB NIH HHS EB009634NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB006733NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB008374NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB009634NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB022880
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Studies on resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) have shown that different brain regions still actively interact with each other while a subject is at rest, and such functional interaction is not stationary but changes over time. In terms of a large-scale brain network, in this paper, we focus on time-varying patterns of functional networks, i.e., functional dynamics, inherent in rs-fMRI, which is one of the emerging issues along with the network modelling. Specifically, we propose a novel methodological architecture that combines deep learning and state-space modelling, and apply it to rs-fMRI based Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) diagnosis. We first devise a Deep Auto-Encoder (DAE) to discover hierarchical non-linear functional relations among regions, by which we transform the regional features into an embedding space, whose bases are complex functional networks. Given the embedded functional features, we then use a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to estimate dynamic characteristics of functional networks inherent in rs-fMRI via internal states, which are unobservable but can be inferred from observations statistically. By building a generative model with an HMM, we estimate the likelihood of the input features of rs-fMRI as belonging to the corresponding status, i.e., MCI or normal healthy control, based on which we identify the clinical label of a testing subject. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed experiments on two different datasets and compared with state-of-the-art methods in the literature. We also analyzed the functional networks learned by DAE, estimated the functional connectivities by decoding hidden states in HMM, and investigated the estimated functional connectivities by means of a graph-theoretic approach.

Indexed as

Machine LearningModels, NeurologicalAgedBrainCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNerve NetRestDeep learningDynamic functional connectivityHidden Markov modelMild cognitive impairmentResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID26774612
PMCPMC5437848

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.