ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2017
Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- People smoke for nicotine, but lose sexual and reproductive health for tar: a narrative review on the effect of cigarette smoking on male sexuality and reproduction.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Toxicant Exposures After Switching From Cigarettes to a Pod-Based Electronic Cigarette: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effects of very low nicotine cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and nicotine patches on daily own-cigarette abstinence in a randomized controlled switching trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Predictors of attrition in a randomized controlled trial of an electronic nicotine delivery system among people interested in cigarette smoking reduction.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Trial
- Assessing the impact of protonating acid combinations in e-cigarette liquids: a randomised, crossover study on nicotine pharmacokinetics.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Changes in Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes to Reduce Cigarette Smoking in a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- A randomised, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDIHarm reduction journal · 2022Trial
- Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery system with 0, 8, or 36 mg/mL liquid nicotine versus a cigarette substitute on tobacco-related toxicant exposure: a four-arm, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021Trial
- Electronic cigarette user plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, heart rate, and subjective effects: Influence of liquid nicotine concentration and user experience.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation self-help intervention for dual users of tobacco cigarettes and E-cigarettes: Intervention development and research design.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- A transdisciplinary model to inform randomized clinical trial methods for electronic cigarette evaluation.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Drug-laced vaping-implications and emerging perioperative challenges for the anesthesiologist: a narrative review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2026Review
- Knowledge and attitudes toward electronic cigarettes among healthcare providers and health professional students: implications for patient counseling - A systematic review.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in e-cigarette use in Canada from 2015 to 2021: findings from the nationally representative surveys.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential consequences of the disposable vape ban in the UK: A qualitative study with young adults who use disposable vapes.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Beliefs About e-Cigarette Regulation Among a Cohort of Long-Term Adult Users: A Thematic Analysis.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use electricity to power a heating element that aerosolizes a liquid containing solvents, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine for user inhalation. ECIGs have evolved rapidly in the past 8 years, and the changes in product design and liquid constituents affect the resulting toxicant yield in the aerosol and delivery to the user. This rapid evolution has been accompanied by dramatic increases in ECIG use prevalence in many countries among adults and, especially, adolescents in the United States. The increased prevalence of ECIGs that deliver nicotine and other toxicants to users' lungs drives a rapidly growing research effort. This review highlights the most recent information regarding the design of ECIGs and their liquid and aerosol constituents, the epidemiology of ECIG use among adolescents and adults (including correlates of ECIG use), and preclinical and clinical research regarding ECIG effects. The current literature suggests a strong rationale for an empirical regulatory approach toward ECIGs that balances any potential ECIG-mediated decreases in health risks for smokers who use them as substitutes for tobacco cigarettes against any increased risks for nonsmokers who may be attracted to them.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.