ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2016
The effect of antiretroviral therapy on all-cause mortality, generalized to persons diagnosed with HIV in the USA, 2009-11.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Dosed Every 2 Months in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Type 1 Infection: 152-Week Results From ATLAS-2M, a Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3b, Noninferiority Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Body mass index, calcium supplementation and risk of colorectal adenomas.International journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society) · 2025Article
- Article
- Brief communication: Effect of mobile health intervention on medication time adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving care at selected hospitals in Owerri, Imo State Nigeria.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Causal Inference Methods for Combining Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: A Review.Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics · 2024Article
- How Generalizable Are Findings from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study? Extending Estimates from the Adult Changes in Thought Study to Its Source Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Assessment of satisfaction with antiretroviral drugs and the need for long-acting injectable medicines among people living with HIV in Japan and its associated factors: a prospective multicenter cross-sectional observational study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Observational
- Accounting for lack of representation in dementia research: Generalizing KHANDLE study findings on the prevalence of cognitive impairment to the California older population.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Five-Year Mortality for Adults Entering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Under Universal Early Treatment Compared With the General US Population.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Exploring definitions of retention in care for people living with HIV in the United States in the modern treatment era.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Article
- Transportability From Randomized Trials to Clinical Care: On Initial HIV Treatment With Efavirenz and Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Mortality Among Persons Entering HIV Care Compared With the General U.S. Population : An Observational Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2021Observational
- Calculating Age-Standardized Death Rates Among People With HIV Comparable Across Jurisdictions and Over Time.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- The Epidemiologic Toolbox: Identifying, Honing, and Using the Right Tools for the Job.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Relationship Between Polypharmacy and Quality of Life Among People in 24 Countries Living With HIV.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
- Annual and durable HIV retention in care and viral suppression among patients of Peter Ho Clinic, 2013-2017.PloS one · 2020Article
- The Effects of Hepatitis C Treatment Eligibility Criteria on All-cause Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Alcohol Use Patterns and Subsequent Sexual Behaviors Among Women, Men who have Sex with Men and Men who have Sex with Women Engaged in Routine HIV Care in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to be protective against HIV-related mortality, the expected magnitude of effect is unclear because existing estimates of the effect of ART may not directly generalize to recently HIV-diagnosed persons.
methodsIn this study, we estimated 5-year mortality risks for immediate versus no ART initiation among patients (n = 12,547) in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) using the complement of adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival functions. We subsequently standardized estimates to persons diagnosed with HIV in the USA between 2009 and 2011, who were enumerated using national surveillance data.
resultsThe 5-year mortality, had all patients in the CNICS immediately initiated ART, was 10.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.3%, 11.9%] compared with 28.3% (95% CI: 19.1%, 37.5%) had ART initiation been delayed at least 5 years. The 5-year mortality risk difference due to ART among patients in the CNICS was -17.7% (95% CI: -27.0%, -8.4%). Based on methods for generalizing an estimate from a study sample to a different target population, the expected risk difference due to ART initiation among recently HIV-diagnosed persons in the USA was -19.1% (95% CI: -30.5%, -7.8%).
conclusionsImmediate ART initiation substantially lowers mortality among persons in the CNICS and this benefit is expected to be similar among persons recently diagnosed with HIV in the USA. We demonstrate a method by which concerns about generalizability can be addressed and evaluated quantitatively.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.