Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26771987›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2016

Evolutionary Novelty in a Butterfly Wing Pattern through Enhancer Shuffling.

Richard W R Wallbank, Simon W Baxter, Carolina Pardo-Diaz, Joseph J Hanly, Simon H Martin, James Mallet, Kanchon K Dasmahapatra, Camilo Salazar, Mathieu Joron, Nicola Nadeau and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Evolution of the essential geneProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  9. Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024
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  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Pervasive mimicry in flight behavior among aposematic butterflies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Common misconceptions of speciation.Evolutionary journal of the Linnean Society · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Richard W R WallbankDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Simon W BaxterSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Carolina Pardo-DiazDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Joseph J HanlyDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Simon H MartinDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
James MalletSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
Kanchon K DasmahapatraSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
Camilo SalazarSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
Mathieu JoronSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
Nicola NadeauDept. of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
W Owen McMillanSmithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
Chris D JigginsDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/G006903/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/H01439X/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council H01439X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An important goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic changes underlying novel morphological structures. We investigated the origins of a complex wing pattern found among Amazonian Heliconius butterflies. Genome sequence data from 142 individuals across 17 species identified narrow regions associated with two distinct red colour pattern elements, dennis and ray. We hypothesise that these modules in non-coding sequence represent distinct cis-regulatory loci that control expression of the transcription factor optix, which in turn controls red pattern variation across Heliconius. Phylogenetic analysis of the two elements demonstrated that they have distinct evolutionary histories and that novel adaptive morphological variation was created by shuffling these cis-regulatory modules through recombination between divergent lineages. In addition, recombination of modules into different combinations within species further contributes to diversity. Analysis of the timing of diversification in these two regions supports the hypothesis of introgression moving regulatory modules between species, rather than shared ancestral variation. The dennis phenotype introgressed into Heliconius melpomene at about the same time that ray originated in this group, while ray introgressed back into H. elevatus much more recently. We show that shuffling of existing enhancer elements both within and between species provides a mechanism for rapid diversification and generation of novel morphological combinations during adaptive radiation.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionGene Expression RegulationAnimalsButterfliesPhenotypePigmentationWings, Animal

Identifiers

PMID26771987
PMCPMC4714872

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.