ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2016
Effect of Hippocampal and Amygdala Connectivity on the Relationship Between Preschool Poverty and School-Age Depression.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the association between biological markers and environmental stress risk factors for adolescent depression.Journal of psychiatric research · 2021Pooled it
- Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in early childhood: a systematic review of the literature.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2021Pooled it
- Autonomic and limbic system functioning, early life stress, and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Loss of pleasure (Anhedonia): A sex-dependent, cross-species consequence of unpredictable signals to the perinatal brain.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Unique features of peer relationships in specific developmental periods predict borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder in late adolescence.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between socioeconomic factors and mental symptoms highlight whole-body correlates and pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Perinatal hardship and infant neurodevelopment: insights from a global pandemic.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Distinct and common subcortical functional connectivity revealed across three major psychiatric disorders.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Reward Processing, Interleukin 1β, Striatal Connectivity, and Antidepressant Outcomes in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Unpredictability is a childhood adversity that contributes to mental health problems.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health, the developing brain, and risk and resilience for psychopathology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- A pilot study of inter-regional phase amplitude coupling as comorbid depression biomarker in temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2025Article
- Associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, longitudinal changes in within-network connectivity, and academic outcomes in the ABCD study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Narrative Review: A Neurobiological Perspective on Resilience in Youth.JAACAP open · 2025Review
- The effects of adverse life events on brain development in the ABCD study®: a propensity-weighted analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Journey of the Default Mode Network: Development, Function, and Impact on Mental Health.Biology · 2025Review
- Distinct effects of early-stage and late-stage socioeconomic factors on brain and behavioral traits.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Perinatal Imaging in Partnership with Families (PIPKIN): Longitudinal cohort study protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prenatal social disadvantage is associated with alterations in functional networks at birth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The impact of psychosocial adversity on brain and behaviour: an overview of existing knowledge and directions for future research.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that poverty experienced in early childhood, as measured by income-to-needs ratio, has an impact on functional brain connectivity at school age, which in turn mediates influences on child negative mood/depression.
methodParticipants were from a prospective longitudinal study of emotion development. Preschoolers 3-5 years of age were originally ascertained from primary care and day care sites in the St. Louis area and then underwent annual behavioral assessments for up to 12 years. Healthy preschoolers and those with a history of depression symptoms underwent neuroimaging at school age. Using functional MRI, the authors examined whole brain resting-state functional connectivity with the left and right hippocampus and amygdala.
resultsLower income-to-needs ratio at preschool age was associated with reduced connectivity between hippocampus and amygdala and a number of regions at school age, including the superior frontal cortex, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate, and putamen. Lower income-to-needs ratio predicted greater negative mood/depression severity at school age, as did connectivity between the left hippocampus and the right superior frontal cortex and between the right amygdala and the right lingual gyrus. Connectivity mediated the relationship between income-to-needs ratio and negative mood/depression at the time of scanning.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that poverty in early childhood, as assessed by at least one measure, may influence the development of hippocampal and amygdala connectivity in a manner leading to negative mood symptoms during later childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.