Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26771737›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2016

Heterogeneity of Treatment Response to Citalopram for Patients With Alzheimer's Disease With Aggression or Agitation: The CitAD Randomized Clinical Trial.

Lon S Schneider, Constantine Frangakis, Lea T Drye, D P Devanand, Christopher M Marano, Jacob Mintzer, Benoit H Mulsant, Cynthia A Munro, Jeffery A Newell, Sonia Pawluczyk and 11 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Past, present, and future.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Heterogeneity of Response to Methylphenidate in Apathetic Patients in the ADMET 2 Trial.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lon S SchneiderFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Constantine FrangakisFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Lea T DryeFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
D P DevanandFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Christopher M MaranoFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Jacob MintzerFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Benoit H MulsantFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Cynthia A MunroFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Jeffery A NewellFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Sonia PawluczykFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Gregory PeltonFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Bruce G PollockFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Anton P PorsteinssonFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Peter V RabinsFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Lisa ReinFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Paul B RosenbergFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
David ShadeFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Daniel WeintraubFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Jerome YesavageFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
Constantine G LyketsosFrom the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Biostatistics, the Department of Epidemiology, and the Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore; the Clinical Biotechnology Research Institute, Roper St. Francis Healthcare, Charleston, S.C.; the Campbell Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Culture and Mental Health Laboratory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.; the Biostatistics Consulting Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; the Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.
CitAD Research Group
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

VASCULAR RISK AND COGNITIVE STATUS IN A LATINO POPULATIONP50AG005142 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARANDA, MARIA P. · 1985 to 2019
$41.0M
Citalopram Treatment for Agitation in Alzheimer DementiaR01AG031348 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LYKETSOS, CONSTANTINE G · 2008 to 2012
$7.9M
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005142NIA NIH HHS R01 AG031348
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePharmacological treatments for agitation and aggression in patients with Alzheimer's disease have shown limited efficacy. The authors assessed the heterogeneity of response to citalopram in the Citalopram for Agitation in Alzheimer Disease (CitAD) study to identify individuals who may be helped or harmed.

methodIn this double-blind parallel-group multicenter trial of 186 patients with Alzheimer's disease and clinically significant agitation, participants were randomly assigned to receive citalopram or placebo for 9 weeks, with the dosage titrated to 30 mg/day over the first 3 weeks. Five planned potential predictors of treatment outcome were assessed, along with six additional predictors. The authors then used a two-stage multivariate method to select the most likely predictors; grouped participants into 10 subgroups by their index scores; and estimated the citalopram treatment effect for each.

resultsFive covariates were likely predictors, and treatment effect was heterogeneous across the subgroups. Patients for whom citalopram was more effective were more likely to be outpatients, have the least cognitive impairment, have moderate agitation, and be within the middle age range (76-82 years). Patients for whom placebo was more effective were more likely to be in long-term care, have more severe cognitive impairment, have more severe agitation, and be treated with lorazepam.

conclusionsConsidering several covariates together allowed the identification of responders. Those with moderate agitation and with lower levels of cognitive impairment were more likely to benefit from citalopram, and those with more severe agitation and greater cognitive impairment were at greater risk for adverse responses. Considering the dosages used and the association of citalopram with cardiac QT prolongation, use of this agent to treat agitation may be limited to a subgroup of people with dementia.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAggressionAlzheimer DiseaseAntidepressive Agents, Second-GenerationCitalopramDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychomotor AgitationRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeAntidepressive Agents, Second-GenerationCitalopram

Identifiers

PMID26771737
PMCPMC6419726
OpenAlexW2236030964

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.