ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2016
Tuberculosis Infection in Early Childhood and the Association with HIV-exposure in HIV-uninfected Children in Rural Uganda.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00993031 (Protease Inhibitors to Reduce Malaria Morbidity in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protease Inhibitors to Reduce Malaria Morbidity in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis in children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- What do we know about children living with HIV-infected or AIDS-ill adults in Sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review of the literature.AIDS care · 2016Pooled it
- Community-Wide Universal HIV Test and Treat Intervention Reduces Tuberculosis Transmission in Rural Uganda: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Timing of maternal isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis infection among infants exposed to HIV in low-income and middle-income settings: a secondary analysis of the TB APPRISE trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2023Trial
- Pragmatic cluster-randomized trial of home-based preventive treatment for TB in Ethiopia and South Africa (CHIP-TB).Trials · 2023Trial
- Cumulative Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Incidence (Measured Primarily by Tuberculin Skin Test) Among Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure: Observational Follow-up of an Isoniazid Prophylaxis Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- A CD4+ TNF+ monofunctional memory T-cell response to BCG vaccination is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in infants exposed to HIV.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Isoniazid to Prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- High Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-exposed Children Exiting an Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Trial
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CFP-10/ESAT-6 CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Non-IFN-γ+ Responses Are Common in Young Kenyan Children Despite Low Reported Tuberculosis Exposure.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity in young children in Blantyre, Malawi: A community-based survey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Isoniazid preventive therapy during infancy does not adversely effect growth among HIV-exposed uninfected children: secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- T-SPOT.TB Reactivity in Southern African Children With and Without in Utero Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- What's Old and New in Tuberculosis Vaccines for Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Article
- Interferon Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test Performance in Pregnant Women Living With and Without HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Biomarkers of Tuberculous Meningitis and Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the African Continent.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- The effects of exposure to HIV in neonates at a referral hospital in South Africa.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- The utility of a modified WHO TB screening tool among children at a Botswana child welfare clinic.African health sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, a significant proportion of the latent TB reservoir is established by the age 5 years. There are critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the age-specific prevalence of TB infection and the influence of HIV exposure on TB infection in the first 5 years of life among HIV-uninfected children in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsWe measured TB infection with the Quantiferon Gold-in-Tube (QFT) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 447 children ≤60 months and their 284 HIV-infected and IV-uninfected mothers in rural Uganda.
resultsThe overall prevalence of TB infection in children ≤60 months by TST was 24% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 19.9-27.9). The prevalence of TST positivity was highest among children in their first year of life (36%; 95% CI: 26.0-45.9) and declined with age to 19% at 36-60 months of age, χ test for trend P = 0.014. In contrast, 4% (95% CI: 1.9-5.87%) of children had a positive QFT, and there was no trend detected with age, P = 0.576. QFT positivity was detected as early as 5 months. HIV-exposed uninfected children had significantly higher odds of TB infection by QFT (odds ratio [OR]: 21.2; P = 0.008; 95% CI: 2.2-204.7) or positive TST or QFT (OR, 2.4; P = 0.020; 95% CI: 1.2-5.1) compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected children, adjusting for age, BCG vaccination and a positive maternal TST or QFT.
conclusionsAn appreciable prevalence of TB infection was detected in early childhood. HIV-exposed uninfected children have a higher risk for TB infection compared with children born to HIV-uninfected mothers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.