ArticleCell2016
Extracellular Vesicles from Trypanosoma brucei Mediate Virulence Factor Transfer and Cause Host Anemia.
Article in Cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in host-parasite interactions: a bibliometric review of mechanisms, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug delivery (2015-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- K63-linked ubiquitin chains mark inactive Smoothened for packaging into ciliary extracellular vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Quality Control in GPI-Anchored Proteins: The Central Role of the Lipid Anchor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exosome biogenesis in arthropods: conserved mechanisms, experimental evidence, and emerging directions.Annals of the Entomological Society of America · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles ofJournal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Potential ofPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Exosomal nanocarriers of immune fate: molecular insights into cancer immunity, pathogen defense, and emerging immunotherapies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Development of a camelid single-domain antibody-based antigen detection assay for the pan-specific diagnosis of active human and animalJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- IL-4Rα signalling influences behavioural and immune responses in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice: Evidence for iloprost as a neuroprotective agent.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Genotype-Specific Small EVs Released by Giardia lamblia Act as Mediators of Phenotypic Adaptation Under Metronidazole-Induced Stress.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in intestinal protozoa: hidden mediators of host-parasite communication.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Protrusion-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (PD-EVs) and Their Diverse Origins: Key Players in Cellular Communication, Cancer Progression, and T Cell Modulation.Biology of the cell · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Trypanosomatids: The Key to Decoding Host-Parasite Communication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Exosomes: intriguing mediators of intercellular communication in the organism's response to noxious agents.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2024Review
- TMEM16F Expressed in Kupffer Cells Regulates Liver Inflammation and Metabolism to Protect Against Listeria Monocytogenes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures inCells · 2024Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intercellular communication between parasites and with host cells provides mechanisms for parasite development, immune evasion, and disease pathology. Bloodstream African trypanosomes produce membranous nanotubes that originate from the flagellar membrane and disassociate into free extracellular vesicles (EVs). Trypanosome EVs contain several flagellar proteins that contribute to virulence, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense EVs contain the serum resistance-associated protein (SRA) necessary for human infectivity. T. b. rhodesiense EVs transfer SRA to non-human infectious trypanosomes, allowing evasion of human innate immunity. Trypanosome EVs can also fuse with mammalian erythrocytes, resulting in rapid erythrocyte clearance and anemia. These data indicate that trypanosome EVs are organelles mediating non-hereditary virulence factor transfer and causing host erythrocyte remodeling, inducing anemia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.