ArticlePloS one2016
Associations between Retinal Markers of Microvascular Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Associations and Clinical Implications.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Pooled it
- Frequency of coexistent eye diseases and cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Fractal Dimension of the Retinal Vasculature in Neurodegeneration and Stroke: Assessment of a Potential Biomarker.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence-based quantitative analysis of interocular retinal vascular differences in school-age children with mild to moderate anisometropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Risk Factors, Pathological Changes, and Potential Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction.Journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Article
- A review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Retinal microvascular parameters are not significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- The neuroprotective effect and action mechanism of polyphenols in diabetes mellitus-related cognitive dysfunction.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- The relationship between cognitive function and having diabetes in patients treated with hemodialysis.International journal of nursing sciences · 2020Article
- Large-Scale Neuronal Network Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy.Neural plasticity · 2020Article
- Positive correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective study.The Journal of international medical research · 2018Article
- Biomarkers for cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from clinical studies.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- The Study of Neurocognitive Outcomes, Radiological and Retinal Effects of Aspirin in Sleep Apnoea- rationale and methodology of the SNORE-ASA study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate associations between retinal microvascular changes and cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
designCase control study.
settingA primary care cohort with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsFor this analysis, we compared 69 cases with lowest decile scores (for the cohort) on the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and 68 controls randomly selected from the remainder of the cohort. Retinal images were rated and the following measures compared between cases and controls: retinal vessel calibre, arterio-venous ratio, retinal fractal dimension, and simple and curvature retinal vessel tortuosity.
resultsTotal and venular (but not arteriolar) simple retinal vessel tortuosity levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (t = 2.45, p = 0.015; t = 2.53, p = 0.013 respectively). The associations persisted after adjustment for demographic factors, retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity and blood pressure. There were no other significant differences between cases and controls in retinal measures.
conclusionsA novel association was found between higher venular tortuosity and cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. This might be accounted for by factors such as hypoxia, thrombus formation, increased vasoendothelial growth factor release and inflammation affecting both the visible retinal and the unobserved cerebral microvasculature.
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