Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26771308›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016

Multiple Pathogens Including Potential New Species in Tick Vectors in Côte d'Ivoire.

Cyrille Bilé Ehounoud, Kouassi Patrick Yao, Mustapha Dahmani, Yaba Louise Achi, Nadia Amanzougaghene, Adèle Kacou N'Douba, Jean David N'Guessan, Didier Raoult, Florence Fenollar, Oleg Mediannikov

RetractedErratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Molecular identification ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans and Animals in West Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Distribution and Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2023
    Review
  17. First report of spotted fever groupFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Cyrille Bilé EhounoudAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.
Kouassi Patrick YaoFelix Houphouet Boigny Université, UFR Biosciences, Côte D'Ivoire.
Mustapha DahmaniAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.
Yaba Louise AchiEcole de spécialisation en Elevage de Bingerville, Côte D'Ivoire.
Nadia AmanzougagheneAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.
Adèle Kacou N'DoubaFelix Houphouet Boigny Université, UFR Sciences médicales, Côte D'Ivoire.
Jean David N'GuessanFelix Houphouet Boigny Université, UFR Biosciences, Côte D'Ivoire.
Didier RaoultAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.
Florence FenollarAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.
Oleg MediannikovAix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille cedex 05, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOur study aimed to assess the presence of different pathogens in ticks collected in two regions in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL

findingsReal-time PCR and standard PCR assays coupled to sequencing were used. Three hundred and seventy eight (378) ticks (170 Amblyomma variegatum, 161 Rhipicepalus microplus, 3 Rhipicephalus senegalensis, 27 Hyalomma truncatum, 16 Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, and 1 Hyalomma impressum) were identified and analyzed. We identified as pathogenic bacteria, Rickettsia africae in Am. variegatum (90%), Rh. microplus (10%) and Hyalomma spp. (9%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma spp. (23%), Rickettsia massiliae in Rh. senegalensis (33%) as well as Coxiella burnetii in 0.2%, Borrelia sp. in 0.2%, Anaplasma centrale in 0.2%, Anaplasma marginale in 0.5%, and Ehrlichia ruminantium in 0.5% of all ticks. Potential new species of Borrelia, Anaplasma, and Wolbachia were detected. Candidatus Borrelia africana and Candidatus Borrelia ivorensis (detected in three ticks) are phylogenetically distant from both the relapsing fever group and Lyme disease group borreliae; both were detected in Am. variegatum. Four new genotypes of bacteria from the Anaplasmataceae family were identified, namely Candidatus Anaplasma ivorensis (detected in three ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia urmitei (in nine ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia rustica (in four ticks), and Candidatus Wolbachia ivorensis (in one tick). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of different pathogens such as R. aeschlimannii, C. burnetii, Borrelia sp., A. centrale, A. marginale, and E. ruminantium in ticks in Côte d'Ivoire as well as potential new species of unknown pathogenicity.

Indexed as

AnaplasmaAnimalsArachnid VectorsBorreliaCote d'IvoireEhrlichiaFemaleMalePhylogenyRickettsiaTicks

Identifiers

PMID26771308
PMCPMC4714895

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.