ArticleInternational journal of clinical and experimental medicine2015
Roles of PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4 in immunoregulation in regulatory T cells among patients with sepsis.
Article in International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Clinical Sepsis Studies: A Systematic Review.Critical care medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Correlation between NRS-2002 scores and PD-1/CTLA-4 expression levels in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immune Endotype-Guided Precision Immunotherapy in Sepsis: From Transcriptomics to Bedside Application.Cureus · 2026Review
- The Role and Research Progress of CD8Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Immunodynamic Disruption in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Strategies for Personalized Immunomodulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Novel Role of the Expression of Toll-like Receptors TLR-5, TLR-6, and TLR-9 and Associated Up-Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Lung Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The homeostasis and heterogeneity of regulatory T cells in sepsis.Burns & trauma · 2025Article
- Tim-3 pathway dysregulation and targeting in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- From immune dysregulation to organ dysfunction: understanding the enigma of Sepsis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- CTLA-4 Checkpoint Inhibition Improves Sepsis Survival in Alcohol-Exposed Mice.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Multi-modal sensing with integrated machine learning to differentiate specific leukocytes targeted by electrically sensitive hybrid particles.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Expression Levels and Concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins in Septic Patients: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Regulatory T Cells: Angels or Demons in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Point-of-critical-care diagnostics for sepsis enabled by multiplexed micro and nanosensing technologies.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- miR-149-3p reverses CD8Open biology · 2019Article
- Increased attrition of memory T cells during sepsis requires 2B4.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Immune checkpoint receptors: homeostatic regulators of immunity.Hepatology international · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to elucidate the roles of PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4 in sepsis.
methodsSepsis patients (n = 182) were selected as sepsis group and divided into three subgroups: mild sepsis group, severe sepsis group and septic shock group; 185 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. Flow cytometry and blood routine examination were performed for T lymphocytes and surface co-stimulatory molecules expressions. Pearson correlation test was applied for the correlation of co-stimulatory molecules expressions on T lymphocytes with critical illness in sepsis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for risk factors in sepsis.
resultsHeart rate and WBC in subgroups were higher than control group (P < 0.05). The differences in APACHE II, SAP II and SOFA score among subgroups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, lymphocyte ratio and percentage of CD4(+) T cells reduced in subgroups (P < 0.05). The differences in expression levels of CD4(+)PD-1(+), CD8(+)PD-1(+), and CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) showed statistical significances (P < 0.05). Apparently, expression levels of CD4(+)TIM-3(+), CD8(+)TIM-3(+), CD4(+)PD-1(+), CD8(+)PD-1(+), and CD4(+)CTLA-4(+) were positively correlated with APACHE II score (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that heart rate and expression level of CD4(+)PD-1(+) might be risk factors while the percentage of CD4(+) T cells might be a protective factor for sepsis (P < 0.05).
conclusionPD-1 aggravates immune responses consistent with promotion of T cell exhaustion in sepsis. Expression level of CD4(+)PD-1(+) and heart rate are potential risk factors while percentage of CD4(+) T cells is a possible protective factor for sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26770525PMC4694425W2409063427What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.