ReviewIntegrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)2015
Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K2 as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health.
Review in Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in individuals with normal calcium levels: mendelian randomisation study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Traditional Food Systems as Nutrient Optimization Architectures: Mechanisms of Bioavailability and Dietary Resilience.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Aging-Driven Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: From Immunometabolic Drift to Multisystem Frailty.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Vitamin K status has no influence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover and cardiovascular markers: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Diabetes: Exploring the Link, Prevention, and Management.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- Vitamin K: Metabolism, Genetic Influences, and Chronic Disease Outcomes.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Nutrient Analysis of Raw United States Beef Offal Items.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Importance of Vitamin K and the Combination of Vitamins K and D for Calcium Metabolism and Bone Health: A Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Beyond the Coagulation Cascade: Vitamin K and Its Multifaceted Impact on Human and Domesticated Animal Health.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Oral nutritional supplementation with dietary counseling improves linear catch-up growth and health outcomes in children with or at risk of undernutrition: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Noodles Fortified with Commercial Calcium Salts versus Calcium Citrate from Oyster Shells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Micronutrient supplementation in pregnancies following bariatric surgery: a practical review for clinicians.Obesity surgery · 2021Review
- Perspective: Evidence before Enthusiasm-A Critical Review of the Potential Cardiovascular Benefits of Vitamin K.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inadequate calcium intake can lead to decreased bone mineral density, which can increase the risk of bone fractures. Supplemental calcium promotes bone mineral density and strength and can prevent osteoporosis. Recent scientific evidence, however, suggests that elevated consumption of calcium supplements may raise the risk for heart disease and can be connected with accelerated deposit of calcium in blood-vessel walls and soft tissues. In contrast, vitamin K2 is associated with the inhibition of arterial calcification and arterial stiffening. An adequate intake of vitamin K2 has been shown to lower the risk of vascular damage because it activates matrix GLA protein (MGP), which inhibits the deposits of calcium on the walls. Vitamin K, particularly as vitamin K2, is nearly nonexistent in junk food, with little being consumed even in a healthy Western diet. Vitamin K deficiency results in inadequate activation of MGP, which greatly impairs the process of calcium removal and increases the risk of calcification of the blood vessels. An increased intake of vitamin K2 could be a means of lowering calcium-associated health risks.
Identifiers
26770129PMC4566462W2346945423What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.