SynthesisBMJ open2016
High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06335459 (The Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Hallux Valgus in Upper Egypt), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Hallux Valgus in Upper Egypt
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of high-heeled shoes on lower extremity biomechanics and balance in females: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The 2016 HIGh Heels: Health effects And psychosexual BenefITS (HIGH HABITS) study: systematic review of reviews and additional primary studies.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Footwear Heel Height and Gait Biomechanics in Healthy Young Women: A Within-Subject Analysis of Spatiotemporal Parameters, Propulsion, and Pelvic Kinematics.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Footwear Identity and Postoperative Experiences of White-Collar Women After Hallux Valgus Surgery: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Altered gait patterns exacerbate knee injury risk: A cross-sectional observational study of barefoot and high-heeled walking.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Footwear Choice and Locomotor Health Throughout the Life Course: A Critical Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Progression and risk factors of hallux valgus angle in elite adolescent dancers: a cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Enhancing Footwear Safety for Fall Prevention in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review of Design Features.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2024Review
- Transient pain and discomfort when wearing high-heeled shoes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Heel-to-toe drop effects on biomechanical and muscle synergy responses during uphill walking.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Analysis of Barbie medical and science career dolls: descriptive quantitative study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Harmful female footwear: A public health perspective.Heliyon · 2023Article
- A Single Bout of High Heels Dancing Causes an Increase in Circulating Markers of Muscle Tissue Degradation and MMP-3 in Young Healthy Women.Translational sports medicine · 2023Article
- Assessment System for Predicting Maximal Safe Range for Heel Height by Using Force-Sensing Resistor Sensors and Regression Models.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of Heeled Shoes on Joint Symptoms and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2021Article
- Women Walk in High Heels: Lumbar Curvature, Dynamic Motion Stimuli and Attractiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Effect of Low Versus High-Heeled Footwear on Spinopelvic Alignment at Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Young Adult Women: A Biopsychosocial Perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Using Sexual Selection Theories to Examine Contextual Variation in Heterosexual Women's Orientation Toward High Heels.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo conduct the first systematic review from an epidemiological perspective regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis (OA) and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions.
settingA systematic review of international peer-reviewed scientific literature across seven major languages. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted on seven major bibliographic databases in July 2015 to initially identify all scholarly articles on high-heeled shoes. Supplementary manual searches were conducted. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were sequentially screened to identify all articles assessing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, OA and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment (Threats to Validity tool) were conducted. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Musculoskeletal pain or OA as assessed by clinical diagnosis or clinical assessment tool. First-party or second-party injury.
results644 unique records were identified, 56 full-text articles were screened and 18 studies included in the review. Four studies assessed the relationship with hallux valgus and three found a significant association. Two studies assessed the association with OA and neither found a significant association. Five studies assessed the association with musculoskeletal pain and three found a significant association. Eight studies assessed first-party injury and seven found evidence of a significant injury toll associated with high-heeled shoes. One study provided data on second-party injury and the injury toll was low.
conclusionsHigh-heeled shoes were shown to be associated with hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain and first-party injury. No conclusive evidence regarding OA and second-party injury was found. Societal and clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. Concern is expressed about the expectation to wear high-heeled shoes in some work and social situations and access by children.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.