ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2016
The immune microenvironment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Racial Disparity in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Risk-Predictive and Actionable Biomarkers for Early Intervention.Cancers · 2026Review
- NOHA as a key biomarker to link NOS2 activity to immune checkpoint and cytokine signaling in ER-negative breast cancer.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Co-targeting CDK4/6 enhances anti-cancer activity and alleviates immune-related adverse events of anti-PD-1 antibody for breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Decoding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes heterogeneity in ductal carcinoma in situ: immune microenvironment dynamics and prognostic insights.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the anogenital region.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Expression of T cell-related proteins in breast ductal carcinomaHistology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Review
- B cells enhance IL-1 beta driven invasiveness in triple negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of photothermal therapy in breast cancer: advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- B cells enhance IL-1 beta driven invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer.Research square · 2024Article
- Evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic biomarker in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 expression in primary triple negative and oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer andClinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Towards targeting the breast cancer immune microenvironment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Multi-omics portrait of ductal carcinoma in situ in young women.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: molecular features and clinical significance.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Immune characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral blood lymphocytes in breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Unbiased high-dimensional flow cytometry identified NK and DC immune cell signature in Luminal A-type and triple negative breast cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Knowledge landscape of tumor-associated neutrophil: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000-2024.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The host immune response has a key role in breast cancer progression and response to therapy. However, relative to primary invasive breast cancers, the immune milieu of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is less understood. Here, we profile tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of the immune checkpoint ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 27 cases of DCIS with known estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) expression using tissue microarrays. Twenty-four cases were pure DCIS and three had associated invasive ductal carcinoma. Tumors were stained by immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, as well as the lymphocyte markers CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, and CD20. The expression of PD-L1 by DCIS carcinoma cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was determined, and the average tumor infiltrating lymphocytes per high power field were manually scored. None of the DCIS cells expressed PD-L1, but 81% of DCIS lesions contained PD-L1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. DCIS with moderate-diffuse tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was more likely to have PD-L1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (P=0.004). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with high levels of PD-L1 expression (>50% cells) were seen only in triple-negative DCIS (P=0.0008), and PD-L1-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were seen only in ER+/HER-2-DCIS (P=0.12). The presence of PD-L1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was associated with a younger mean patient age (P=0.01). Further characterization of the DCIS immune microenvironment may identify useful targets for immune-based therapy and breast cancer prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.