ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Sensing of latent EBV infection through exosomal transfer of 5'pppRNA.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNY1 Is Heterogeneously Partitioned in Inflamed Airway Fluid and Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Transcriptional Programming.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- The Mechanistic Review of the Molecular Interface of RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles: Redefining Targeted Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- p62 sorts Lupus La and selected microRNAs into breast cancer-derived exosomes.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Influences Fetal Gut Immunity and Immune Programming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus-associated multiple sclerosis: recent mechanistic advances and clinical therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- RNY1 partitions into extracellular vesicles and ribonucleoprotein particles during airway inflammation to regulate macrophage programming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus functional RNAs as part of its immune evasion strategy: a role for EBER1?Open biology · 2025Review
- Exosomal biomarkers: A novel frontier in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Extracellular viral microRNAs as biomarkers of virus infection in human cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Auto-Immune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy with Active Intrathecal Epstein-Barr Virus: A Single-Center Case Series Report.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Catch me if you can: viral nucleic acids to host sensors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Review
- The EBV connection: a severe case of GFAP-A with central hypoventilation unresponsive to IVIG and literature review.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Review
- Regulation of cargo selection in exosome biogenesis and its biomedical applications in cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Systems immunology of transcriptional responses to viral infection identifies conserved antiviral pathways across macaques and humans.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Complex interactions between DNA herpesviruses and host factors determine the establishment of a life-long asymptomatic latent infection. The lymphotropic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seems to avoid recognition by innate sensors despite massive transcription of immunostimulatory small RNAs (EBV-EBERs). Here we demonstrate that in latently infected B cells, EBER1 transcripts interact with the lupus antigen (La) ribonucleoprotein, avoiding cytoplasmic RNA sensors. However, in coculture experiments we observed that latent-infected cells trigger antiviral immunity in dendritic cells (DCs) through selective release and transfer of RNA via exosomes. In ex vivo tonsillar cultures, we observed that EBER1-loaded exosomes are preferentially captured and internalized by human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that express the TIM1 phosphatidylserine receptor, a known viral- and exosomal target. Using an EBER-deficient EBV strain, enzymatic removal of 5'ppp, in vitro transcripts, and coculture experiments, we established that 5'pppEBER1 transfer via exosomes drives antiviral immunity in nonpermissive DCs. Lupus erythematosus patients suffer from elevated EBV load and activated antiviral immunity, in particular in skin lesions that are infiltrated with pDCs. We detected high levels of EBER1 RNA in such skin lesions, as well as EBV-microRNAs, but no intact EBV-DNA, linking non-cell-autonomous EBER1 presence with skin inflammation in predisposed individuals. Collectively, our studies indicate that virus-modified exosomes have a physiological role in the host-pathogen stand-off and may promote inflammatory disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.