ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2016
Patterns of Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Women and Men Who Have Sex With Men Reporting a History of Receptive Anal Intercourse.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Meta-analysis of the Cepheid XpertSexual health · 2019Pooled it
- Review
- Characteristics associated with frequent sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing in a community-based sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), United Kingdom, 2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening and diagnosis by anatomical site among individuals with opposite-sex partners: a rapid review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Infections in Genital and Extragenital Samples Among Men and Women.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- High prevalence of bacterial STI, anal HPV, cytological abnormalities and anal lesions among MSM in Togo, 2021: a baseline analysis of the ANRS I MIE 12,400/DepIST-H cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Article
- Overcoming analytical and preanalytical challenges associated with extragenital home collected STI specimens.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Clinical Updates in Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2024.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Review
- Article
- Evaluation of Self-Collected Versus Health Care Professional (HCP)-Performed Sampling and the Potential Impact on the Diagnostic Results of Asymptomatic Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in High-Risk Individuals.Infectious disease reports · 2023Article
- Assessment ofLe infezioni in medicina · 2023Article
- The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV pilus promotes resistance to hydrogen peroxide- and LL-37-mediated killing by modulating the availability of intracellular, labile iron.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Galectins as potential therapeutic targets in STIs in the female genital tract.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- Detection and Drug Susceptibility Testing ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Vaginal and Anal Microbiome duringPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Whole-Genome Enrichment and Sequencing of Chlamydia trachomatis Directly from Patient Clinical Vaginal and Rectal Swabs.mSphere · 2021Article
- Point-by-Point Progress: Gonorrhea Point of Care Tests.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2020Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis in the gingival sulcus and pharynx in patients of Northeast Mexico.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundScreening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) in men who have sex with men is risk based. Despite high frequencies of oral and receptive anal intercourse (RAI) among women, extragenital screening is not recommended.
methodsWomen (n = 175) and men who have sex with men (n = 224) primarily recruited from a sexually transmitted infection clinic reporting a lifetime history of RAI completed a structured questionnaire and clinician-collected swab samples from the rectum, pharynx, vagina (women), and urine (men). CT and GC were detected using 2 commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (Aptima Combo 2; Hologic, Inc, Bedford, MA; Xpert CT/NG, Cepheid Innovation, Sunnyvale, CA).
resultsThe median age of the population was 26 years, 62% were white, and 88% were enrolled from a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Men were more likely than women to have GC (22.8% vs. 3.4%) and CT (21.9% vs. 12.6%). In men versus women, GC was detected in 16.5% versus 2.3% of pharyngeal swabs, 11.6% versus 2.3% of rectal swabs, and 5.4% versus 2.9% of urine samples or vaginal swabs. C. trachomatis was detected in 2.2% versus 1.7% of pharyngeal swabs, 17.4% versus 11.4% of rectal swabs, and 4.5% versus 10.3% for urogenital sites in men versus women. Overall 79.6% of CT and 76.5% of GC in men and 18.2% of CT and 16.7% of GC in women were detected only in the pharynx or rectum.
conclusionReliance on urogenital screening alone misses most of GC and CT in men and more than 15% of infections in women reporting RAI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.