SynthesisMedicine2016
Smoking and Glioma Risk: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis of 25 Observational Studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- National and subnational burden of brain and central nervous system cancers in China and global from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Socioeconomic status and mortality among dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2019Pooled it
- Nut intake and stroke risk: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Plasma histone monomers as novel diagnostic markers in adult glioblastoma.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2026Article
- Environmental Hazards and Glial Brain Tumors: Association or Causation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pre-diagnostic risk factors for brain cancer incidence and survival: insights from the Golestan Cohort Study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Life-style and metabolic factors do not affect risk for glioma: a prospective population-based study (The Cohort of Norway).Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Analysis and prediction of central nervous system tumor burden in China during 1990-2030.PloS one · 2024Article
- Integrated machine learning survival framework develops a prognostic model based on inter-crosstalk definition of mitochondrial function and cell death patterns in a large multicenter cohort for lower-grade glioma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- α9-Containing Nicotinic Receptors in Cancer.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Malignant Gliomas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Cancers · 2020Article
- Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors.Neuro-oncology · 2019Review
- Demographic Variation in the Frequency of Gliomas in Florida.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Article
- Use of MendelianFrontiers in genetics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To systematically assess the relationship between smoking and glioma risk.A dose-response meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was performed. Pertinent studies were identified by searching database and reference lists. Random-effects model was employed to pool the estimates of the relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).A total of 19 case-control and 6 cohort studies were included. Overall, compared with those who never smoked, the pooled RR and 95% CI was 0.98 (0.92-1.05) for ever smoker. The subgroups were not significantly different regarding risk of glioma except the group of age at start smoking (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.48 for age < 20; RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.52 for age ≥ 20). Dose-response analysis also suggested no significant association between smoking and the risk of glioma, although some evidence for a linear relationship between smoking and glioma risk was observed.In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides little support for a causal relationship between smoking and risk of glioma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.