Observational studyMedicine2016
Plasma Efavirenz Concentrations Are Associated With Lipid and Glucose Concentrations.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and influences of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Pooled it
- Lipid levels, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk over 96 weeks of antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial comparing low-dose stavudine and tenofovir.Retrovirology · 2018Trial
- Associations between maternal lipid profiles and cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes among children who are HIV-exposed uninfected vs. HIV-unexposed children aged 5-8 years in a South African birth cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Hidden risks of first-line regimen switching in antiretroviral therapy-treated patients.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Greater Accumulation of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Compared With People Without HIV.Neurology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, and toxicity of co-administered efavirenz and isoniazid.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Persistent low-level viraemia is associated with non-infectious comorbidities in an observational cohort in four African countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Observational
- Oral Administration of Efavirenz Dysregulates thePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Weight Gain and Lipid Profile Changes in Koreans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus undergoing Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Regimens.Infection & chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Metabolic Profile of People Living with HIV in a Treatment Hub in Manila, Philippines: A Pre- and Post-Antiretroviral Analysis.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2022Review
- Prevalence and predictors of glucose metabolism disorders among People Living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2022Article
- Predictors of Efavirenz Plasma Exposure, Auto-Induction Profile, and Effect of Pharmacogenetic Variations among HIV-Infected Children in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile of Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz activates PXR to induce hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis.Journal of hepatology · 2019Article
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Prospective plasma efavirenz concentration assessment in Chinese HIV-infected adults enrolled in a large multicentre study.HIV medicine · 2018Article
- Article
- Prediction of plasma efavirenz concentrations among HIV-positive patients taking efavirenz-containing combination antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and dysglycemia, risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the pathogenesis is not well understood. We characterized relationships between plasma efavirenz concentrations and lipid and glucose concentrations in HIV-infected South Africans.Participants on efavirenz-based ART were enrolled into a cross-sectional study. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed after an overnight fast, and plasma drawn for mid-dosing interval efavirenz, fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations.Among 106 participants (77 women), median age was 38 years, median CD4 + T-cell count was 322 cells/μL, median duration on ART was 18 months, and median (interquartile range) efavirenz concentration was 2.23 (1.66 to 4.10) μg/mL. On multivariable analyses (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and ART duration) doubling of efavirenz concentrations resulted in mean changes in mmol/L (95%CI) of: total cholesterol (0.40 [0.22 to 0.59]), LDL cholesterol (0.19 [0.04 to 0.30]), HDL cholesterol (0.14 [0.07 to 0.20]), triglycerides (0.17 [0.03 to 0.33]), fasting glucose (0.18 [0.03 to 0.33]), and 2-h glucose concentrations (0.33 [0.08 to 0.60]). Among 57 participants with CYP2B6 genotype data, associations between slow metabolizer genotypes and metabolic profiles were generally consistent with those for measured efavirenz concentrations.Higher plasma efavirenz concentrations are associated with higher plasma lipid and glucose concentrations. This may have implications for long-term cardiovascular complications of efavirenz-based ART, particularly among populations with high prevalence of CYP2B6 slow metabolizer genotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.