SynthesisMedicine2016
Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Necessity and Timing of Exercise After Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Prediction of Recurrence Lumbar Disc Herniation At L5-S1 Level Through Machine Learning Models Based on Endoscopic Discectomy Via the Interlaminar Approach
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sequesterectomy versus standard micro‑/open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for lumbar disc herniation recurrence after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a meta-analysis of 58 cohort studies.Neurosurgical review · 2023Pooled it
- Annular closure device for disc herniation: meta-analysis of clinical outcome and complications.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Lumbar Microdiscectomy and Postoperative Activity Restrictions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Spine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- A single-source preoperative prediction model for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after primary discectomy: Development and internal validation in the SPORT registry.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Minimally invasive tubular lumbar microdiscectomy in pediatric patients: a single-center case series.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors, surgical timing, and outcomes of revision discectomy versus fusion.Asian spine journal · 2026Review
- Machine Learning Model for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation after Lumbar Discectomy.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Association of paraspinal and psoas muscle morphology with recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective case-control study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Recurrent Disk Herniation After Biportal Endoscopic Diskectomy.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic Implications of Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Narrative Review.Neurospine · 2026Review
- Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurospine · 2026Article
- A Commentary on "Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".Neurospine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic exercise following lumbar spine surgery: a narrative review.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- A Hybrid Ensemble Learning Framework for Predicting Lumbar Disc Herniation Recurrence: Integrating Supervised Models, Anomaly Detection, and Threshold Optimization.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Patient Factors Associated with Recurrent Herniation and Revision Surgery following Lumbar Microdiscectomy.Spine surgery and related research · 2025Article
- The utilization of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Article
- Is Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy the Best Option for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation? A Systematic Review.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) is a common complication following primary discectomy. This systematic review aimed to investigate the current evidence on risk factors for rLDH.Cohort or case-control studies addressing risk factors for rLDH were identified by search in Pubmed (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library from inception to June 2015. Relevant results were pooled to give overall estimates if possible. Heterogeneity among studies was examined and publication bias was also assessed.A total of 17 studies were included in this systematic review. Risk factors that had significant relation with rLDH were smoking (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.53-2.58), disc protrusion (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.15-2.79), and diabetes (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.32). Gender, BMI, occupational work, level, and side of herniation did not correlate with rLDH significantly.Based on current evidence, smoking, disc protrusion, and diabetes were predictors for rLDH. Patients with these risk factors should be paid more attention for prevention of recurrence after primary surgery. More evidence provided by high-quality observational studies is still needed to further investigate risk factors for rLDH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.