Trial reportClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2016
Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial.
Trial report in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy Study of Fluzone® High-Dose Vaccine Compared With Fluzone® Vaccine In Elderly Adults
Non-inferiority Study of Adjuvanted vs. High Dose Flu Vaccine in Residents of Long Term Care
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevation of circulating TNF receptor 2 in cancer: A systematic meta-analysis for its potential as a diagnostic cancer biomarker.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- [High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine: safety and immunogenicity].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative Immunogenicity of Enhanced Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and durability of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses through 6 months after a single dose of mRNA-1083, a multicomponent influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, in adults ≥50 years.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-based monovalent influenza vaccine: Results from a phase 1, randomized, dose-escalation study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- HAI and NAI titer correlates of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine efficacy.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.Experimental gerontology · 2018Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of a split-virion quadrivalent influenza vaccine in younger and older adults: A phase III randomized, double-blind clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Trial
- Article
- Statistical methods for estimating the protective effects of immune markers using test-negative designs.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Antiviral CD4Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Road to Readiness: Commentary on the Journey of a Zoonotic H5 Influenza Vaccine Strain Update.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Low effectiveness of influenza vaccines vis-à-vis mechanism of protection by vaccines - potential causes and recommendations to improve control of influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Estimating Standard-Dose and High-Dose Fluzone Vaccine Efficacies for Influenza A Based on Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influential drivers of the cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus vaccination in European older adults: a multi-country analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Development of an intranasal, universal influenza vaccine in an EU-funded public-private partnership: the FLUniversal consortium.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Formulation development of a stable influenza recombinant neuraminidase vaccine candidate.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Boosting neuraminidase immunity in the presence of hemagglutinin with the next generation of influenza vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Comparison of immunogenicity of adjuvanted and high dose influenza vaccination in long-term care facility residents.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although a number of studies have investigated and quantified immune correlates of protection against influenza in adults and children, data on immune protection in the elderly are sparse. A recent vaccine efficacy trial comparing standard-dose with high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in persons 65 years of age and older provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between values of three immunologic assays and protection against community-acquired A/H3N2 influenza illness. The high-dose vaccine induced significantly higher antibody titers than the standard-dose vaccine for all assays. For the hemagglutination inhibition assay, a titer of 40 was found to correspond with 50% protection when the assay virus was antigenically well matched to the circulating virus--the same titer as is generally recognized for 50% protection in younger adults. A dramatically higher titer was required for 50% protection when the assay virus was a poor match to the circulating virus. With the well-matched virus, some protection was seen at the lowest titers; with the poorly matched virus, high levels of protection were not achieved even at the highest titers. Strong associations were also seen between virus neutralization test titers and protection, but reliable estimates for 50% protection were not obtained. An association was seen between titers of an enzyme-linked lectin assay for antineuraminidase N2 antibodies and protection; in particular, the proportion of treatment effect explained by assay titer in models that included both this assay and one of the other assays was consistently higher than in models that included either assay alone. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01427309.).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.