Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26762328›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular histology2016

Small molecule distribution in rat lung: a comparison of various cryoprotectants as inflation media and their applicability to MSI.

Sooraj Baijnath, Adeola Shobo, Linda A Bester, Sanil D Singh, Gert Kruger, Tricia Naicker, Thavendran Govender

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular histology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sooraj BaijnathCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa.
Adeola ShoboCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa.
Linda A BesterBiomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.
Sanil D SinghBiomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.
Gert KrugerCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa.
Tricia NaickerCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa.
Thavendran GovenderCatalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa. govenderthav@icloud.com.
University of KwaZulu-Natal · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the recent explosion of mass spectrometric imaging (MSI), it has become easier to assess drug tissue localisation without the use of radiolabeling and other more complex methods (such as PET and MRI). For MSI tissue preparation is of utmost importance, however, the lung in particular does pose some difficulties with imaging since it is made up of a number of air-filled alveoli. These organs are known to collapse when the thoracic cavity is pierced, losing its structural integrity and giving poor histological representation for drug distribution analysis. The use of cryoprotectants as a tissue inflation media will aid in the preservation of the lung's structural integrity during MSI experiments involving small molecule distribution. Various established cryoprotectants (DMSO, PvP, ethylene glycol, sucrose, DMEM, control serum, OCT) were selected as lung inflation media for MSI analysis of gatifloxacin (GAT). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with GAT (10 mg/kg b.w) via i.p. injection. After 15 min the animals were terminated by halothane overdose, and each set of tissue inflated with a specific agent. Cryosections were made and MSI conducted to determine drug tissue distribution. During the early stages of the experimental procedure some crypreservatives were eliminated due to difficulties with sample preparation. While others displayed excellent preservation of the tissue structure and integrity. Following MSI analysis, some agents showed homogenous drug distribution while some displayed heterogeneous distribution favoring the basal periphery. Taking into account the physiology of the lung and previous MRI investigations of its perfusion, it is expected that a systemically administered drug would localize in the basal areas. DMSO and DMEM proved to display this distribution pattern while keeping structural integrity intact. However, the later was ruled out since it showed complete suppression of GAT in solution. From the cryoprotectants selected for this study, DMSO is the most promising lung inflation media focusing on small molecule distribution via MSI.

Indexed as

AnimalsCalibrationCryoprotective AgentsCulture MediaFemaleFluoroquinolonesGatifloxacinImaging, Three-DimensionalLinear ModelsLungMass SpectrometryRats, Sprague-DawleyCryoprotective AgentsCulture MediaFluoroquinolonesGatifloxacinCryopreservationDrug distributionGatifloxacinLung inflationMALDI-MSI

Identifiers

PMID26762328
OpenAlexW2248986183

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.