ArticleRedox biology2016
The thioredoxin system in breast cancer cell invasion and migration.
Article in Redox biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical application of thioredoxin reductase as a novel biomarker in liver cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Disulfidptosis and its molecular mechanisms in cancer: mechanisms, regulation, and therapeutic potential.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Cell surface thiol-disulfide regulation in cancer: Mechanisms, implications, and theranostic strategies.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Genetics of selenoproteins and selenoprotein metabolism - An overview of current concepts and emerging aspects.Redox biology · 2026Review
- The role of antioxidants in multiple myeloma: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications: a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Review
- Structure-based identification of a non-covalent thioredoxin reductase inhibitor with proven ADMET suitability.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- The zinc finger domains of PARP-1 are selectively and potently inhibited by the Au(I)-based drugs sodium aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Anti-Tumoral Treatment with Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Inhibitor Auranofin Fosters Regulatory T Cell and B16F10 Expansion in Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cellular senescence and disulfide death-related genes as biological markers of breast cancer prognosis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Redox Balance in Cancer in the Context of Tumor Prevention and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Facts, Dogmas, and Unknowns About Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring the Thioredoxin System as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Mechanisms and Implications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biological Properties ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Many Lives of Auranofin: How an Old Anti-Rheumatic Agent May Become a Promising Antimicrobial Drug.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer: A Biochemical Map of Reactive Oxygen Species Production.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases.Redox biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Antiproliferative, antimigratory, and apoptotic effects of diffractaic and vulpinic acids as thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitors on cervical cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastasis is the most life threatening aspect of breast cancer. It is a multi-step process involving invasion and migration of primary tumor cells with a subsequent colonization of these cells at a secondary location. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of thioredoxin (Trx1) in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and to assess the strength of the association between high levels of Trx1 and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) expression with breast cancer patient survival. Our results indicate that the expression of both Trx1 and TrxR1 are statistically significantly increased in breast cancer patient cells compared with paired normal breast tissue from the same patient. Over-expression of Trx1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines enhanced cell invasion in in vitro assays while expression of a redox inactive mutant form of Trx1 (designated 1SS) or the antisense mRNA inhibited cell invasion. Addition of exogenous Trx1 also enhanced cell invasion, while addition of a specific monoclonal antibody that inhibits Trx1 redox function decreased cell invasion. Over-expression of intracellular Trx1 did not increase cell migration but expression of intracellular 1SS inhibited migration. Addition of exogenous Trx1 enhanced cell migration while 1SS had no effect. Treatment with auranofin inhibited TrxR activity, cell migration and clonogenic activity of MDA-MB-231 cells, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Analysis of 25 independent cohorts with 5910 patients showed that Trx1 and TrxR1 were both associated with a poor patient prognosis in terms of overall survival, distant metastasis free survival and disease free survival. Therefore, targeting the Trx system with auranofin or other specific inhibitors may provide improved breast cancer patient outcomes through inhibition of cancer invasion and migration.
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