Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26759530›Full record

ArticlePopulation health metrics2016

Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression.

Oyinlola Oyebode, Samuel Oti, Yen-Fu Chen, Richard J Lilford

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Population health metrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
11.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Oyinlola OyebodeWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.
Samuel OtiAfrican Population and Health Research Centre, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya ; Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Yen-Fu ChenWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.
Richard J LilfordWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.
University of Warwick · GBAfrican Population and Health Research Center · KE

Funding

Department of Health WMCLAHRC-2014-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigh sodium intake increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. For this reason the World Health Organization recommends a maximum intake of 2 g per day and a 30 % reduction in population sodium intake by 2025. However, in global reviews, data on sodium intake in sub-Saharan Africa have been limited.

methodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting sodium intake in sub-Saharan African populations. Meta-regression analyses were used to test the effect of year of data collection and method of data collection (urinary/dietary), as well as any association between sex, urban/rural status or a country's economic development, and population sodium intake.

resultsWe identified 42 papers reporting 67 estimates of adult population sodium intakes and 12 estimates of child population sodium intakes since 1967. Of the 67 adult populations, 54 (81 %) consumed more than 2 g sodium/day, as did four of the 12 (33 %) child populations. Sixty-five adult estimates were included in the meta-regression, which found that urban populations consumed higher amounts of salt than rural populations and that urine collection gave lower estimates of sodium intake than dietary data.

conclusionsSodium intake in much of sub-Saharan Africa is above the World Health Organization's recommended maximum intake and may be set to increase as the continent undergoes considerable urbanization. Few identified studies used stringent measurement criteria or representative population samples. High quality studies will be required to identify where and with whom to intervene, in order to meet the World Health Organization's target of a 30 % reduction in population sodium intake and to demonstrate progress towards this target.

Indexed as

AfricaDietarySodiumSodium chlorideSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID26759530
PMCPMC4709973
OpenAlexW2234811065

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.