Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26759068›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2016

Assessing the toxicity of Pb- and Sn-based perovskite solar cells in model organism Danio rerio.

Aslihan Babayigit, Dinh Duy Thanh, Anitha Ethirajan, Jean Manca, Marc Muller, Hans-Gerd Boyen, Bert Conings

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Perovskites in Environmental and Energy Catalysis: Transitioning From Lead-Based to Lead-Free Architectures.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Review
  6. Species Dependent Toxicity Comparison Outcome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aslihan BabayigitHasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Dinh Duy ThanhUniversity of Liège, Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-Research, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
Anitha EthirajanHasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Jean MancaHasselt University, X-LaB, Agoralaan 1, Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Marc MullerUniversity of Liège, Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-Research, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
Hans-Gerd BoyenHasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Bert ConingsHasselt University, Institute for Materials Research, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intensive development of organometal halide perovskite solar cells has lead to a dramatic surge in power conversion efficiency up to 20%. Unfortunately, the most efficient perovskite solar cells all contain lead (Pb), which is an unsettling flaw that leads to severe environmental concerns and is therefore a stumbling block envisioning their large-scale application. Aiming for the retention of favorable electro-optical properties, tin (Sn) has been considered the most likely substitute. Preliminary studies have however shown that Sn-based perovskites are highly unstable and, moreover, Sn is also enlisted as a harmful chemical, with similar concerns regarding environment and health. To bring more clarity into the appropriateness of both metals in perovskite solar cells, we provide a case study with systematic comparison regarding the environmental impact of Pb- and Sn-based perovskites, using zebrafish (Danio Rerio) as model organism. Uncovering an unexpected route of intoxication in the form of acidification, it is shown that Sn based perovskite may not be the ideal Pb surrogate.

Indexed as

Solar EnergyToxicity TestsAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedCalcium CompoundsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLeadModels, AnimalOxidesPhenotypeTinTitaniumZebrafishCalcium CompoundsLeadOxidesperovskiteTinTitanium

Identifiers

PMID26759068
PMCPMC4725943

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.