ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2016
Oral contraceptive use and fracture risk around the menopausal transition.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Early menopause and weight loss are significant factors associated with risk of future fracture in middle-aged women.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Effects of Combination Oral Contraceptives on Bone Mineral Density and Metabolism in Perimenopausal Korean Women.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2022Article
- Association of Female Reproductive Factors With Incidence of Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women in Korea.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of vertebral fractures in Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on risk of fracture remains unclear, and use during later reproductive life may be increasing. To determine the association between OC use during later reproductive life and risk of fracture across the menopausal transition, we conducted a population-based case-control study in a Pacific Northwest HMO, Group Health Cooperative.
methodsFor the January 2008 to March 2013 interval, 1,204 case women aged 45 to 59 years with incident fractures, and 2,275 control women were enrolled. Potential cases with fracture codes in automated data were adjudicated by electronic health record review. Potential control women without fracture codes were selected concurrently, sampling based on age. Participants received a structured study interview. Using logistic regression, associations between OC use and fracture risk were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsParticipation was 69% for cases and 64% for controls. The study sample was 82% white; mean age was 54 years. The most common fracture site for cases was the wrist/forearm (32%). Adjusted fracture risk did not differ between cases versus controls for OC use in the 10 years before menopause (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74, 1.11); for OC use after age 38 (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78, 1.14); for duration of use, or for other OC exposures.
conclusionsThe current study does not show an association between fractures near the menopausal transition and OC use in the decade before menopause or after age 38. For women considering OC use at these times, fracture risk does not seem to be either reduced or-reassuringly-increased.
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