ArticleThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association2016
Anthropometric Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk by Histological Subtype: Pooled Analysis of 22 Prospective Studies.
Article in Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic drivers of etiologic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics or prebiotics on thyroid function: A meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Half a Million Men and Women in the Asia Cohort Consortium.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Pooled it
- 2021 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Management of Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2021Guideline
- Association Between Aggressive Clinicopathologic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- The Interplay Between Thyroid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Shared Mechanisms, Treatment Implications, and Survivorship Perspectives.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Nonlinear association between sleep duration and thyroid hormone levels in patients with thyroid cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unravelling the rise in thyroid cancer incidence and addressing overdiagnosis.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association between steatotic liver disease subtype and thyroid cancer in women: A nationwide population-based cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Obesity and thyroid cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Exposure to Radiation and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Young Female Nurses: Longitudinal Analysis From the Korea Nurses' Health Study.JMIR cancer · 2025Article
- Higher Body Mass Index Shows No Evidence of Association with Histopathologic Markers of Aggressiveness in Early-Stage Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Disparities, trends, and projections of cancer mortality burden related to high body mass index in China from 2005 to 2030.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Environmental exposure to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Northeast China: exploring links to nodular goiter and papillary thyroid carcinoma.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Association between serum thyroglobulin levels and glycemic control in patients with thyroid cancer after radioiodine therapy.Endocrine journal · 2025Article
- Trends of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents over 23 Years in KSA.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national epidemiology of thyroid cancer in middle-aged and elderly adults from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological study of thyroid cancer at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021: an analysis derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
44 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGreater height and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, the most common and least aggressive subtype. Few studies have evaluated these associations in relation to other, more aggressive histologic types or thyroid cancer-specific mortality.
methodsThis large pooled analysis of 22 prospective studies (833,176 men and 1,260,871 women) investigated thyroid cancer incidence associated with greater height, BMI at baseline and young adulthood, and adulthood BMI gain (difference between young-adult and baseline BMI), overall and separately by sex and histological subtype using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations with thyroid cancer mortality were investigated in a subset of cohorts (578,922 men and 774,373 women) that contributed cause of death information.
resultsDuring follow-up, 2996 incident thyroid cancers and 104 thyroid cancer deaths were identified. All anthropometric factors were positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence: hazard ratios (HR) [confidence intervals (CIs)] for height (per 5 cm) = 1.07 [1.04-1.10], BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.06 [1.02-1.10], waist circumference (per 5 cm) = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], young-adult BMI (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], and adulthood BMI gain (per 5 kg/m2) = 1.07 [1.00-1.15]. Associations for baseline BMI and waist circumference were attenuated after mutual adjustment. Baseline BMI was more strongly associated with risk in men compared with women (p = 0.04). Positive associations were observed for papillary, follicular, and anaplastic, but not medullary, thyroid carcinomas. Similar, but stronger, associations were observed for thyroid cancer mortality.
conclusionThe results suggest that greater height and excess adiposity throughout adulthood are associated with higher incidence of most major types of thyroid cancer, including the least common but most aggressive form, anaplastic carcinoma, and higher thyroid cancer mortality. Potential underlying biological mechanisms should be explored in future studies.
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