ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Local GM-CSF-Dependent Differentiation and Activation of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Protect against Progressive Cryptococcal Lung Infection in Mice.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- GM-CSF orchestrates monocyte and granulocyte responses to Cryptococcus gattii.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Next-generation antifungal drugs: Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- The power of GM-CSF: immune regulation in the defense againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cryptococcal infection: host immunity, immune evasion and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Inbred Mouse Models inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Models for Inducing Experimental Cryptococcosis in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Anti-GM-CSF Neutralizing Autoantibodies in Colombian Patients with Disseminated Cryptococcosis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Alternatively activated lung alveolar and interstitial macrophages promote fungal growth.iScience · 2023Article
- Role of GM-CSF in lung balance and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A Fun-Guide to Innate Immune Responses to Fungal Infections.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pulmonary Conventional Type 1 Langerin-Expressing Dendritic Cells Play a Role in Impairing Early Protective Immune Response againstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- CISH attenuates homeostatic cytokine signaling to promote lung-specific macrophage programming and function.Science signaling · 2021Article
- Transcriptional Changes in Pulmonary Phagocyte Subsets Dictate the Outcome Following Interaction With The Fungal PathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Antiviral properties of placental growth factors: A novel therapeutic approach for COVID-19 treatment.Placenta · 2020Review
- GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Animal Models ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Pulmonary Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Responses toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Intradural cauda equina Candida abscess presenting with hydrocephalus: case report.Journal of neurosurgery. Spine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with acquired deficiency in GM-CSF are susceptible to infections with Cryptococcus neoformans and other opportunistic fungi. We previously showed that GM-CSF protects against progressive fungal disease using a murine model of cryptococcal lung infection. To better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which GM-CSF enhances antifungal host defenses, we investigated temporal and spatial relationships between myeloid and lymphoid immune responses in wild-type C57BL/6 mice capable of producing GM-CSF and GM-CSF-deficient mice infected with a moderately virulent encapsulated strain of C. neoformans (strain 52D). Our data demonstrate that GM-CSF deficiency led to a reduction in: 1) total lung leukocyte recruitment; 2) Th2 and Th17 responses; 3) total numbers of CD11b(+) dendritic cells (DC) and CD11b(-) and CD11b(+) macrophages (Mϕ); 4) DC and Mϕ activation; and 5) localization of DC and Mϕ to the microanatomic sites of alveolar infection. In contrast, GM-CSF deficiency resulted in increased accumulation of DC and Mϕ precursors, namely Ly-6C(high) monocytes, in the blood and lungs of infected mice. Collectively, these results show that GM-CSF promotes the local differentiation, accumulation, activation, and alveolar localization of lung DC and Mϕ in mice with cryptococcal lung infection. These findings identify GM-CSF as central to the protective immune response that prevents progressive fungal disease and thus shed new light on the increased susceptibility to these infections observed in patients with acquired GM-CSF deficiency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.