Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26755596›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016

In-cell thermodynamics and a new role for protein surfaces.

Austin E Smith, Larry Z Zhou, Annelise H Gorensek, Michael Senske, Gary J Pielak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Computational and Experimental Approaches and Applications of Biological NMR.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Rational design ofNature communications · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Crowding-induced stabilization and destabilization in a single protein.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Direct Expression of Fluorinated Proteins in Human Cells forJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Austin E SmithDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
Larry Z ZhouDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
Annelise H GorensekDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
Michael SenskeDepartment of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;
Gary J PielakDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 gary_pielak@unc.edu.

Funding

Virology Research Program (Program 4)P30CA016086 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Deborah F. Tate · 1985 to 2026
$201.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016086
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is abundant, physiologically relevant knowledge about protein cores; they are hydrophobic, exquisitely well packed, and nearly all hydrogen bonds are satisfied. An equivalent understanding of protein surfaces has remained elusive because proteins are almost exclusively studied in vitro in simple aqueous solutions. Here, we establish the essential physiological roles played by protein surfaces by measuring the equilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding in the complex environment of living Escherichia coli cells, and under physiologically relevant in vitro conditions. Fluorine NMR data on the 7-kDa globular N-terminal SH3 domain of Drosophila signal transduction protein drk (SH3) show that charge-charge interactions are fundamental to protein stability and folding kinetics in cells. Our results contradict predictions from accepted theories of macromolecular crowding and show that cosolutes commonly used to mimic the cellular interior do not yield physiologically relevant information. As such, we provide the foundation for a complete picture of protein chemistry in cells.

Indexed as

ThermodynamicsAnimalsDrosophilaHydrogen BondingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyProteinsSurface PropertiesProteinsin-cell NMRprotein foldingprotein NMRprotein thermodynamics

Identifiers

PMID26755596
PMCPMC4763743

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.