Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26753989›Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2016

Validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary intake among Lebanese children.

Patricia Moghames, Nour Hammami, Nahla Hwalla, Nadine Yazbeck, Hikma Shoaib, Lara Nasreddine, Farah Naja

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Shifts in food consumption patterns in the Levant: a systematic review of the last six decades.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
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  18. Intermittent fasting & performance: The iFast clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Patricia MoghamesDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. patriciamoghames@gmail.com.
Nour HammamiSchool of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. nour.hammami@uwaterloo.ca.
Nahla HwallaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. nahla@aub.edu.lb.
Nadine YazbeckDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. ny12@aub.edu.lb.
Hikma ShoaibDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. shoaib.hikma@gmail.com.
Lara NasreddineDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. ln10@aub.edu.lb.
Farah NajaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. fn14@aub.edu.lb.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNutritional status during childhood is critical given its effect on growth and development as well as its association with disease risk later in life. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is experiencing alarming rates of childhood malnutrition, both over- and under-nutrition. Hence, there is a need for valid tools to assess dietary intake for children in this region. To date, there are no validated dietary assessment tools for children in any country of the MENA region. The main objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of dietary intake among Lebanese children.

methodsChildren, aged 5 to 10 years (n = 111), were recruited from public and private schools of Beirut, Lebanon. Mothers (proxies to report their children's dietary intake) completed two FFQs, four weeks apart. Four 24-hour recalls (24-HRs) were collected weekly during the duration of the study. Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess validity. Linear regression models were used to derive calibration factors for boys and girls. Reproducibility statistics included Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and percent agreement.

resultsCorrelation coefficients between dietary intake estimates derived from FFQ and 24-HRs were significant at p < 0.001 with the highest correlation observed for energy (0.54) and the lowest for monounsaturated fatty acids (0.26). The majority of data points in the Bland-Altman plots lied between the limits of agreement, closer to the middle horizontal line. After applying the calibration factors for boys and girls, the mean energy and nutrient intakes estimated by the FFQ were similar to those obtained by the mean 24-HRs. As for reproducibility, ICC ranged between 0.31 for trans-fatty acids and 0.73 for calcium intakes. Over 80 % of study participants were classified in the same or adjacent quartile of energy and nutrients intake.

conclusionsFindings of this study showed that the developed FFQ is reliable and is also valid, when used with calibration factors. This FFQ is a useful tool in dietary assessment and evaluation of diet-disease relationship in this age group.

Indexed as

DietDiet SurveysBody Mass IndexCalcium, DietaryChildChild, PreschoolDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsEnergy IntakeFatty AcidsFemaleHumansLebanonLinear ModelsMaleCalcium, DietaryDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsFatty AcidsMicronutrientsTrans Fatty Acids

Identifiers

PMID26753989
PMCPMC4709981

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.