ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2016
In the Intestinal Mucosa of Children With Potential Celiac Disease IL-21 and IL-17A are Less Expressed than in the Active Disease.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- FMT from Turkish patients with celiac disease is associated with celiac-like enteropathy features in a rat model.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Mild Duodenal Mucosal Injury and Increased Type I Interferon Signaling Are Preludes to Celiac Disease.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2025Article
- New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease.Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Review
- Intestinal Cellular Biomarkers of Mucosal Lesion Progression in Pediatric Celiac Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Tissue alarmins and adaptive cytokine induce dynamic and distinct transcriptional responses in tissue-resident intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Article
- Identification of a γc Receptor Antagonist That Prevents Reprogramming of Human Tissue-resident Cytotoxic T Cells by IL15 and IL21.Gastroenterology · 2020Article
- The Challenge of Treatment in Potential Celiac Disease.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2019Review
- Diagnosing Celiac Disease: Towards Wide-Scale Screening and Serology-Based Criteria?Gastroenterology research and practice · 2019Review
- Challenges in the celiac disease diagnosis; Prague consensus.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2017Article
- The chemokine CCL28 is elevated in the serum of patients with celiac disease and decreased after treatment.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPotential celiac disease (CD) patients are at an increased risk to developing CD as indicated by positive CD-associated serology. We investigated in duodenal mucosa of such patients the presence of both IL-21 and IL-17A and the role of gliadin peptides and IL-15 in their expression.
methodsDuodenal biopsies from 76 active CD, 90 potential CD, and 58 control patients were analyzed for IL-21 and/or IL-17A production by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and ELISA. The presence of IL-21 receptor was investigated by western blot. Potential CD duodenal fragments were cultured with gliadin peptides (PTG) and/or IL-15 and the expression/production of IL-21 and IL-17A assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and by immunohistochemistry.
resultsIn potential CD, IL-21 was lower than in active CD, in terms of RNA expression (P<0.01), density of lamina propria (LP) IL-21(+) cells (P<0.05), and protein secretion (P<0.05). Also, IL-21R was weakly detectable in potential CD. Several LP cell types produced IL-21 in CD. In potential CD, CD4(+)IL-21(+) cells increased after PMA-ionomycin stimulation and co-produced IFN-γ but not IL-17A. After 24 hours of culture stimulation with PTG, IL-21-producing cells increased but not the ones producing IL-17A. This increase was further enhanced by the addition of IL-15 to culture medium.
conclusionsIn potential CD, IL-21 is less expressed than in active CD; however, IL-21-producing cells are present and prone to respond after specific stimuli. This suggests a key role of IL-21 in the progression of mucosal damage in CD.
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