ArticleScientific reports2016
3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic approach to enhance the biological relevance of data obtained.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 560 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
560 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Translational applications and clinical utility of organoids in ovarian cancer: a systematic review.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Unlocking the Potential of Spheroids in Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review of Seeding Methodologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Glucose and Oxygen Availability Shape Growth and Architecture of Tumor Spheroids in a Microfluidic 3D Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Stage-specific MSC spheroid fusion enables bottom-up formation of stage-defined hierarchical cartilage graft.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Organelle-Selective Autophagy in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mitophagy and Nucleophagy-Related Nuclear Quality Control as Regulators of Tumor-Immune Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dissecting residual disease in spheroids reveals pan-cancer persistence signatures and a therapeutic window for oncolytic viruses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Antitumor Efficacy of Apatinib and Etoposide-Loaded D-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate Mixed Micelles Against Multidrug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- 3D HepG2 spheroid model exhibits drug-specific response profiles validating their application in therapeutic screening.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Endoluminal Catheter Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Mechanical fingerprints in breast cancer research: A multimodal experimental approach.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Radiomics analysis of 3D spheroids captures irradiation-induced structural and textural changes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Lung tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond DNA damage: 3D tumor models and the integrin mechanobiology of radioresistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in Alternative Methods: A Comparative Cytotoxicity Analysis of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite in Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Harnessing inter-spheroid spacing and structural connectivity to direct collective cell migration and host vessel integration in 3D engineered tissue.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ex Vivo drug sensitivity in patient-derived 3D cultures in acromegaly and its association with clinical predictors.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Next-generation osteosarcoma models for precision medicine.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Exploration of Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Anticancer Compounds through Integrated Cellular, Proteomic, and In Vivo Analyses.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- From single cell analysis to 3D micro physiological systems: microfluidic tools integrating cancer cell targets for delineating natural killer cell biology.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
500 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The potential of a spheroid tumor model composed of cells in different proliferative and metabolic states for the development of new anticancer strategies has been amply demonstrated. However, there is little or no information in the literature on the problems of reproducibility of data originating from experiments using 3D models. Our analyses, carried out using a novel open source software capable of performing an automatic image analysis of 3D tumor colonies, showed that a number of morphology parameters affect the response of large spheroids to treatment. In particular, we found that both spheroid volume and shape may be a source of variability. We also compared some commercially available viability assays specifically designed for 3D models. In conclusion, our data indicate the need for a pre-selection of tumor spheroids of homogeneous volume and shape to reduce data variability to a minimum before use in a cytotoxicity test. In addition, we identified and validated a cytotoxicity test capable of providing meaningful data on the damage induced in large tumor spheroids of up to diameter in 650 μm by different kinds of treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.